Curative Activity of Insecticides Against Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Tart Cherries

Abstract

Tart cherry, Prunus cerasus L. variety Montmorency, fruit were infested with plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and treated with insecticides to target late instars, neonates, and eggs. The organophosphates azinphos-methyl and phosmet and the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam reduced larval emergence rates by >90% for all life stage targets; after >30 d, few surviving larvae were found inside fruit. Acetamiprid and thiacloprid also had curative activity and yielded >75% reductions in emergence and few surviving larvae in the fruit after >30 d. The juvenile hormone analog pyriproxyfen reduced larval emergence, but 66% of fruit that was treated to target late-instars still had live larvae inside of them after >30 d. Novaluron, chlorantraniliprole, and esfenvalerate had no curative activity. Indoxacarb had limited curative activity, and all targeted life stages had larval emergence. Internal and external residues were analyzed and are discussed in relation to their penetration and curative potential. The curative activity of azinphos-methyl has played an important role in meeting federal standards for infestation-free tart cherries at processing. Regulatory changes are eliminating the use of this compound, and new integrated pest management programs for plum curculio will need to address the loss of azinphos-methyl's curative activity.

Penetrative and Dislodgeable Residue Characteristics of 14C-Insecticides in Apple Fruit

“…However, compounds that show curative activity on a pest on early season apples do not necessarily maintain the same effects on late season apple pests or the same pest in another fruit crop, such as cherries. 14,15 The plant cuticle, subtending the epicuticular wax, is a nonliving and non-uniform plant structure, made of a polymeric cutin matrix and soluble waxes, that protects the plant from water loss, is a barrier against pathogens, and allows for gas exchange. 16,17 The cuticle outer surface or extracellular membrane is composed of cutin and waxes, whereas the layer underneath contains polar polysaccharides and small amounts of cellulose and pectins.…”

Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adult Mortality and Associated Fruit Injury After Exposure to Field-Aged Insecticides on Tart Cherry Branches

“…Applications of the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and thiacloprid have shown Ͼ80% reduction in apple fruit damage (Wise et al 2006) and also show curative activity when applied to infested fruit (Wise et al 2007a, Hoffmann et al 2009). The neonicotinoids acetamiprid and imidacloprid are considered less effective tools but are currently labeled for plum curculio suppression.…”

Seletividade de inseticidas utilizados na cultura algodoeira a ovos e larvas de terceiro instar de Cycloneda sanguinea

“…Esses compostos pertencem ao grupo químico dos neonicotinoides e apresentam baixos valores de coeficiente de partição octanol/água (log K ow ), sendo de 0,70 e 0,59, respectivamente (hoFFmann et al, 2009;Lognow © , 2010). A alta toxicidade desses compostos pode estar relacionada à sua menor lipofilicidade, o que pode aumentar a sua capacidade de penetração no interior dos ovos, afetando diretamente a sobrevivência dos embriões.…”