Curing temperature- and concentration-dependent dielectric properties of cross-linked poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP)

Poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP) and Poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) (PMF)-Based Atomic Switching Device and Its Application to Logic Gate Circuits with Low Operating Voltage

“…Here, a higher PVP/PMF ratio sample showed a higher rms value (1.07 nm for 50%, 1.32 nm for 100%, and 2.58 nm for 150%), supporting that the cross-linking reaction increased with an increasing ratio of PMF to PVP. In general, the surface of polymer layers becomes rougher as the cross-linking reaction progresses . This increasing tendency in surface roughness also coincides with the increase in SET voltage and the decrease in the off current mentioned in Figure .…”

“…21,19,20 According to our previous research, this cross-linking process was induced above 150 °C and was more active with an increasing ratio of PMF to PVP. 19,20 In this work, we performed FT-IR measurement to analyze the degree of the cross-linking process according to the three ratios of PVP/PMF (50, 100, and 150%). As shown in Figure 2b,c, the CO and −OH related peaks were observed near the 1300−2000 cm −1 and 3200−3500 cm −1 regions, respectively, in the FT-IR spectra.…”

“…In general, the PVP-only layer without PMF has poor electrical insulating properties (i.e., high leakage current, low dielectric constant, and high hysteresis window) due to the hydroxyl (−OH) groups acting as moisture absorbers and charge traps . However, when PMF is added to the PVP, the hydroxyl groups in PVP and PMF form CO bonds during the curing process step (cross-linking phenomenon) consequently improving the electrical insulating property of the PVP layer. , This cross-linking phenomenon is known to depend strongly on the curing process temperature and PVP/PMF ratio. ,, According to our previous research, this cross-linking process was induced above 150 °C and was more active with an increasing ratio of PMF to PVP. , In this work, we performed FT-IR measurement to analyze the degree of the cross-linking process according to the three ratios of PVP/PMF (50, 100, and 150%). As shown in Figure b,c, the CO and −OH related peaks were observed near the 1300–2000 cm –1 and 3200–3500 cm –1 regions, respectively, in the FT-IR spectra.…”

“…19 However, when PMF is added to the PVP, the hydroxyl groups in PVP and PMF form CO bonds during the curing process step (cross-linking phenomenon) consequently improving the electrical insulating property of the PVP layer. 19,20 This cross-linking phenomenon is known to depend strongly on the curing process temperature and PVP/PMF ratio. 21,19,20 According to our previous research, this cross-linking process was induced above 150 °C and was more active with an increasing ratio of PMF to PVP.…”

“…19,20 This cross-linking phenomenon is known to depend strongly on the curing process temperature and PVP/PMF ratio. 21,19,20 According to our previous research, this cross-linking process was induced above 150 °C and was more active with an increasing ratio of PMF to PVP. 19,20 In this work, we performed FT-IR measurement to analyze the degree of the cross-linking process according to the three ratios of PVP/PMF (50, 100, and 150%).…”