Current Approaches to Differential Diagnostics of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Similar Conditions

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders ASD is a group of pervasive developmental disorders, manifested mainly through the lack of ability to social interaction, communication disruption and stereotyped behavior. Despite of generally recognized practical and theoretical significance of studying the mechanisms of formation, it still has got little attention. The article represents some approaches to differential diagnosis of autism and similar conditions. The authors make an attempt to find out the main reasons for such sharp increase in the number of patients suffering from this disease. The article aims analysis of existing research and contains the results of complex diagnostics and the mechanisms of disorders formation. In solving the problem of ASD formation mechanisms, clinical data, medical history data, genetic confounding factors and course of prenatal, natal and postnatal periods are used. In their findings, the authors develop the technology for ASD and similar conditions differential diagnostics; diagnostic markers and algorithm for the development of psychological and pedagogical treatment programs are suggested

Pioneering, prodigious and perspicacious: Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva’s life and contribution to conceptualising autism and schizophrenia

“…One notable example is Simmonds' translation of the 1927 sequel to Sukhareva's 1926 paper, which provides five clinical case studies of autistic girls [12]. Beyond literature already adumbrated, international journal articles have recognised Sukhareva as being the first to provide detailed descriptions of children that match today's conception of ASD [65,[97][98][99][100][101]. Since 2015, by order of the Moscow Department of Health, the Moscow Scientific and Practical Centre for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, where Sukhareva worked for 40 years, was renamed the G. E. Sukhareva Scientific and Practical Centre for Mental Health for Children and Adolescents.…”

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“…При этом в отечественной психологии существует проблема неадекватной или преувеличенной диагностики аутизма, которая представляется наиболее актуальной для детей среднего и позднего дошкольного возраста, а именно детей 3-5 лет (Каган, 2003; Иовчук, Северный, 2014; Горюнова, Шевченко, 2014). Данная проблема связана в первую очередь с большим количеством нарушений психического развития в раннем детском возрасте, по факту не входящих в аутистический спектр, но имеющих сходную симптоматику, что значительно усложняет дифференциальную диагностику (Chereneva et al, 2022). В этой связи понимание факторной структуры аутистической симптоматики имеет решающее значение для обнаружения и интерпретации причинно-следственных механизмов, лежащих в основе РАС.…”