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Autism spectrum disorders ASD is a group of pervasive developmental disorders, manifested mainly through the lack of ability to social interaction, communication disruption and stereotyped behavior. Despite of generally recognized practical and theoretical significance of studying the mechanisms of formation, it still has got little attention. The article represents some approaches to differential diagnosis of autism and similar conditions. The authors make an attempt to find out the main reasons for such sharp increase in the number of patients suffering from this disease. The article aims analysis of existing research and contains the results of complex diagnostics and the mechanisms of disorders formation. In solving the problem of ASD formation mechanisms, clinical data, medical history data, genetic confounding factors and course of prenatal, natal and postnatal periods are used. In their findings, the authors develop the technology for ASD and similar conditions differential diagnostics; diagnostic markers and algorithm for the development of psychological and pedagogical treatment programs are suggested

The problem of providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families has recently been extremely urgent. ASDs are a group of pervasive developmental disorders, the main manifestations of then are the lack of ability to social interaction, communication disorders and stereotyped behavior. With the recognized practical and theoretical significance of the study of the communicative sphere and the abundance of serious studies devoted to this topic, the problem of studying the communicative characteristics of children with autism, as is well known, still remains poorly understood. The article presents the results of scientific research in the field of developmental and clinical psychology: the mechanisms of formation of communication in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a comprehensive study of the influence of parent-child relationships on the communication's development of primary school children with autism spectrum disorders. According to the results of studies of the influence of parent-child relations on the development of communication in primary school children with ASD, the diagnostic complex for the study of communication in primary school children with ASD and styles of parent-child relationships in families raising children of this category was offered. Practical psychologists can use the results of the study during work with children with ASD and their families. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the study of the influence of parent-child relationships on the communication's development of primary school children with autism spectrum disorder.

The development of voluntary behavior of children with intellectual disabilities is a complex and long-term process that requires a special comprehensive behavioral therapy, which should be aimed at correcting disadaptive patterns of behavior. The purpose of the article is a comparative clinical and psychological analysis of voluntary behavior of children with intellectual disabilities and identification of the main mechanisms of its origin. The article presents the research results of the strategies of voluntary behavior of primary schoolchildren in health and with mental disabilities. It distinguishes the levels of voluntary regulation and cognitive strategies of behavior in health and disease. The study has resulted in developing a structural and functional model of voluntary regulation of behavior of children with mental disorders; a concept of dynamic study of voluntary behavior of primary schoolchildren in health and disease, which is reflected in the interrelated levels of personal organization; the assessment of voluntary regulation levels of primary schoolchildren in health and disease. The article also presents the results of the studies of voluntary behavior strategies of primary schoolchildren in health and with mental disabilities, establishes the main determinants of its origin, and defines the levels of voluntary regulation and cognitive strategies of behavior in health and disease

This paper presents an effective regimen for correcting and developing visual perception in children with impaired intelligence and sensorimotor functions. The regimen includes an algorithm for transcranial direct current stimulation procedures and teaching intervention aimed to develop visual perception and visual memory, as well as visual analysis and synthesis. In addition, a clinical case from practice is presented, illustrating the possibilities of this approach within the framework of the teacher– neurologist cooperation.