current concepts of synaptic structure and function

Koelle, George B.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb30738.x

Cited by 34 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Because the relative abilities of the acetylcholine antagonists to depress tension and to cause tetanic fade seem to be correlated with their previously suggested abilities to block post-junctional and pre-junctional cholinoceptors (Webb & Bowman, 1974), we propose that a cholinergic mechanism, activated by transmitter acetylcholine, plays a physiological role in maintaining transmitter output during high frequency stimulation, and that block of these pre-junctional receptors accounts for the more pronounced impairment of neuromuscular transmission produced by tubocurarine as stimulation frequency is increased. The suggested dual role of transmitter acetylcholine during high frequency stimulation is similar to the more generalized hypothesis formulated by Koelle (1962Koelle ( , 1971, who proposed that transmitter release at all chemically transmitting junctions is mediated by acetylcholine which, after release from the nerve endings, acts pre-junctionally to facilitate the release of a greater quantity of the same or of a different transmitter. It is also reminiscent of the Burn & Rand (1959 hypothesis of a cholinergic step in adrenergic transmission.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Tetanic Fade During Partial Transmission Failure Produced by Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs in the Cat

Bowman

Webb

1976

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

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1. A comparison has been made of the effects of three acetylcholine antagonists--hexamethonium, tubocurarine and pancuronium--on maximal tetani of limb muscles of cats under chloralose anaesthesia. In most experiments, the indirectly stimulated soleus muscle was studied, but observations were also made on the tibialis anterior and flexor digitorum longus muscles. 2. When neuromuscular block was produced by intra-arterial injections of the acetylcholine antagonists, tetanic tension, though depressed in amplitude did not wane and there was little or no post-tetanic relief of the block as judged by the amplitude of subsequent twitches. On the other hand, during similar degrees of block produced by intravenous injections, tetanic tension rapidly waned, and, after the tetanus, transmission was temporarily facilitated, as evidenced by an increase in the amplitude of post-tetanic twitches. 3. Intravenously injected hexamethonium caused complete waning of tetanic tension in doses too small to depress twitch amplitude and which caused only a small depression of peak tetanic tension. In contrast, pancuronium caused only partial tetanic fade even in doses that produced pronounced depressions of twitch and tetanic tensions. The effects of tubocurarine fell between these extremes. 4. The results suggest that depression of peak tension and tetanic fade are independent effects of acetylcholine antagonists. It is postulated that the former is a consequence of block of post-junctional cholinoceptors, whereas the latter arises from an action of pre-junctional cholinoceptors. 5. The results obtained, together with those of other workers, led to the suggestion that transmitter acetylcholine, in addition to evoking the endplate potential, acts on the nonmyelinated nerve terminals in a positive feed-back mechanism that mobilizes transmitter to keep pace with release during high frequencies of stimulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Tetanic Fade During Partial Transmission Failure Produced by Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs in the Cat

Bowman

Webb

1976

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

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“…However, the differences in the interpretations of chemico-analytical data and the results of histochemical light-and electron microscopy investigations gradually begin to resolve; there appears progressive confirmation for the early chemical data of an ubiquituous cholinergic system. For instance, AcCh-E reaction products can be made visible in the excitable.membranes of more and more nerves formerly called noncholinergic (see, e.g., [41]). Catalysis products of AcCh-E are demonstrated in pre-and postsynaptic parts of excitable mem-branes (see, e.g., [41] and [42]).…”

Section: Localization Of the Acch Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, AcCh-E reaction products can be made visible in the excitable.membranes of more and more nerves formerly called noncholinergic (see, e.g., [41]). Catalysis products of AcCh-E are demonstrated in pre-and postsynaptic parts of excitable mem-branes (see, e.g., [41] and [42]). In a recent study, stain for the C1.-bungarotoxin receptor complex is visible also in presynaptic parts of axonal membranes (see Fig.…”

Section: Localization Of the Acch Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Molecular Model of Nerve Excitability

Neumann

1974

Biochemistry of Sensory Functions

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“…Nissl granules are not directly involved in therapeutic manipulation as they are an intrinsic component of the neuron and manipulating them directly is not a common therapeutic approach. As medical professionals, our pursuit of innovative approaches to enhance tissue repair and regeneration compels us to delve into the nuanced world of Nissl granules and their promising implications for regenerative medicine [1][2][3][4]. Nissl granules, residing predominantly in the cell bodies of neurons, have long been recognized as vital hubs for protein synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nissl Granules, Axonal Regeneration, and Regenerative Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review

Bhati,

Thakre,

Anjankar

2023

Cureus

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Nissl granules, traditionally recognized for their pivotal role in protein synthesis within neuronal cell bodies, are emerging as intriguing components with far-reaching implications in the realm of regenerative therapeutics. This abstract encapsulates the essence of a comprehensive review, exploring the nexus between Nissl granules, axonal regeneration, and their transformative applications in regenerative medicine. The molecular intricacies of Nissl granules form the foundation of this exploration, unraveling their dynamic role in orchestrating cellular responses, particularly in the context of axonal regeneration. As we delve into the interplay between Nissl granules and regenerative processes, this review highlights the diverse mechanisms through which these granules contribute to neuronal repair and recovery. Beyond their conventional association with neurobiology, recent advancements underscore the translational potential of Nissl granules as therapeutic agents. Insights into their involvement in enhancing axonal regeneration prompt a reconsideration of these granules as key players in the broader field of regenerative medicine. The abstract encapsulates evidence suggesting that modulating Nissl granule-related pathways holds promise for augmenting tissue regeneration, extending their applicability beyond the confines of the nervous system. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for medical professionals, researchers, and clinicians seeking to comprehend the multifaceted role of Nissl granules in regenerative therapeutics. By illuminating the intricate connections between Nissl granules, axonal regeneration, and therapeutic applications, this work aspires to catalyze further research and innovation, ultimately contributing to the evolution of regenerative strategies that harness the innate reparative capacities within cellular constituents.

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current concepts of synaptic structure and function

Cited by 34 publications

References 58 publications

Tetanic Fade During Partial Transmission Failure Produced by Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs in the Cat

Tetanic Fade During Partial Transmission Failure Produced by Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs in the Cat

Towards a Molecular Model of Nerve Excitability

Nissl Granules, Axonal Regeneration, and Regenerative Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review

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