Current interpretations on the in vivo response of bone to additively manufactured metallic porous scaffolds: A review

Deering, Joseph; Grandfield, Kathryn

doi:10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100013

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Additive manufacturing offers a means to produce implants with engineered porosity in the microscale range [8] , with porous titanium and tantalum implants exhibiting mechanical properties similar to cortical bone [9] and improved secondary stability in biomechanical evaluation [10] . The low mechanical stiffness [11,12] imparted by these implants offers one method to mitigate long-term bone resorption associated with stress-shielding [13] and the corresponding increase in surface area can create additional regions of bone-to-implant contact [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Mineral Ellipsoids in New Bone Formation at the Interface of Ti6Al4V Porous Implants

Deering

Chen

Mahmoud

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The hierarchy of newly formed bone contains elements of disorder within an ordered multiscale structure, spanning from the macroscale to below the nanoscale. With mineralized structures presenting in the shape of ellipsoids in mature and mineralizing tissue, this work characterizes the heterogeneity in mineral ellipsoid packing at the interface of porous titanium implants. Characterization of mineral at the bone-implant interface offers insight into the osseointegration of titanium implants and the mechanical properties of the interfacial bone tissue. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy and plasma focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy, mineral ellipsoids are characterized at the implant interface in both 2D and 3D. Heterogeneous in their size and shape within the newly formed bone tissue, ellipsoids are observed with alternating orientations corresponding to unique lamellar packets within 2-3 microns of the titanium implant interface - although this motif is not universal, and a mineral-dense zone can also appear at the implant interface. Short-order ellipsoid orientation shifts are also present in the 3D probe of the implant interface, where an approximate 90 degree misorientation angle between neighbouring packets of mineral ellipsoid resolves with increasing distance from the titanium, possibly providing a strengthening mechanism to prevent crack propagation in the peri-implant bone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Mineral Ellipsoids in New Bone Formation at the Interface of Ti6Al4V Porous Implants

Deering

Chen

Mahmoud

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Overall, our results suggest that both porosity and the presence of submicron topographical cues favor earlier cell proliferation and favor preliminary osteointegration processes. 37,38 Contrarily to previous studies, 54−56 the PDA coating alone did not enhance cell proliferation, suggesting that specific responses to PDA could be cell line-dependent or dependent on the underlying topography of the PDA coating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proper osseointegration is also crucial in determining the applicability of a biomaterial in vivo . Porous structures, when specifically engineered for pore size, interconnectivity, and mechanical properties, can favor osseointegration by promoting cell infiltration and proliferation, and the formation of early vasculature. − While porous substrates favor bone ingrowth and secondary stability of a prosthesis, the application of homogeneous coatings inside porous structures is not a trivial matter. In this study, a two-stage surface modification method was used to produce antibacterial properties on porous substrates, while maintaining cytocompatibility with osteoblast-like cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of 3D Printed Scaffolds Using Polydopamine and Silver Nanoparticles for Bone-Interfacing Applications

Merlo

González‐Martínez

Saad

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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The prevention of bacterial colonization and the stimulation of osseointegration are two major requirements for bone-interfacing materials to reduce the incidence of complications and promote the restoration of the patient's health. The present investigation developed an effective, two-step functionalization of 3D printed scaffolds intended for bone-interfacing applications using a simple polydopamine (PDA) dip-coating method followed by the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) after a second coating step in silver nitrate. 3D printed polymeric substrates coated with a ∼20 nm PDA layer and 70 nm diameter AgNPs proved effective in hindering Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation, with a 3000−8000-fold reduction in the number of bacterial colonies formed. The implementation of porous geometries significantly accelerated osteoblast-like cell growth. Microscopy characterization further elucidated homogeneity, features, and penetration of the coating inside the scaffold. A proof-of-concept coating on titanium substrates attests to the transferability of the method to other materials, broadening the range of applications both in and outside the medical sector. The antibacterial efficiency of the coating is likely to lead to a decrease in the number of bacterial infections developed after surgery in the presence of these coatings on prosthetics, thus translating to a reduction in revision surgeries and improved health outcomes.

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“…Some researchers outlined the use of 3D printing technology for the fabrication of scaffolds. [24] There are various studies reported in the literature that utilize the potential use of 3D printing technology to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. [25][26][27] Singh et al [28] investigated the mechanical and degradation behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional printing of triply periodic minimal surface structured scaffolds for load‐bearing bone defects

Agarwal

Malhotra

Gupta

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The porous and cellular architecture of scaffolds plays a significant role in mechanical strength and bone regeneration during the healing of fractured bones. In this present study, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based gyroid and primitive lattice structures were used to design the cellular porous biomimetic scaffolds with different unit cell sizes (4, 5, and 6). The fused filament fabrication-based 3D printing technology was used for the fabrication of polylactic acid scaffolds. The surface morphology and mechanical compressive strength of differently structured scaffolds were observed using scanning electron microscopy and a universal testing machine. The unit cell size of 4 showed higher compressive strength in both gyroid and primitive structured scaffolds compared to unit cell sizes 5 and 6. Moreover, the gyroid structured scaffolds have higher compressive strengths as compared to primitive structured scaffolds due to the higher bonding surface area at the intercalated layers of the scaffold. Hence, the mechanical strength of scaffolds can be tailored by varying the unit cell size and cellular structures to avoid stress shielding and ensure implant safety. These TPMS-based scaffolds are promising and can be used as bone substitute materials in tissue engineering and orthopedic applications.

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Current interpretations on the in vivo response of bone to additively manufactured metallic porous scaffolds: A review

Cited by 24 publications

References 123 publications

Characterizing Mineral Ellipsoids in New Bone Formation at the Interface of Ti6Al4V Porous Implants

Characterizing Mineral Ellipsoids in New Bone Formation at the Interface of Ti6Al4V Porous Implants

Functionalization of 3D Printed Scaffolds Using Polydopamine and Silver Nanoparticles for Bone-Interfacing Applications

Three‐dimensional printing of triply periodic minimal surface structured scaffolds for load‐bearing bone defects

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