Current Progress in Gene Delivery Technology Based on Chemical Methods and Nano-carriers

Abstract

Gene transfer methods are promising in the field of gene therapy. Current methods for gene transfer include three major groups: viral, physical and chemical methods. This review mainly summarizes development of several types of chemical methods for gene transfer in vitro and in vivo by means of nano-carriers like; calcium phosphates, lipids, and cationic polymers including chitosan, polyethylenimine, polyamidoamine dendrimers, and poly(lactide-co-glycolide). This review also briefly introduces applications of these chemical methods for gene delivery.

Different strategies of gene delivery for treatment of cancer and other disorders

“…[35] Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, the hydrophilic branched spherical polymers, have produced very stable and highly soluble DNA complexes. [5,29] The efficiency of this gene delivery could be enhanced by dendrimer flexibility using a triethanolamine core. [29] However, there are some cytotoxicity issues for application of dendrimers.…”

“…[5,29] The efficiency of this gene delivery could be enhanced by dendrimer flexibility using a triethanolamine core. [29] However, there are some cytotoxicity issues for application of dendrimers. [36] …”

“…The structural diversity in polymers for gene delivery contains cationic residues, endosomal escape units, and degradable fragments. [29,30] Some examples of polymers such as Chitosan, Gelatin, Polyethylene imine (PEI), Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly lactic acid (PLA), Dendrimers were described as following.…”

Poly(ester amine) constructed from polyethylenimine and pluronic for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo

“…Polymer-based nano-carrier for gene delivery has been a promising approach because of flexibility in polymeric molecular composition, the unlimited delivery cargo's size, and low immunogenicity although transfection efficiency remains low and cell-specific up-take has not been optimally (Jin et al, 2014). Among the reported cationic polymers, polyethylenimine (PEI) showed capable of condensing DNA effectively into colloidal particles and unique proton-sponge effect, thus has been widely studied in various types of cells in vitro because of its proton sponge effect (Boussif et al, 1995;Lungwitz et al, 2005;Laporte et al, 2006;Jin et al, 2014).…”

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“…Developing new non-viral vectors based gene therapies are under considerations gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and sliver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as nanoconjugates or nanoscaffolds multifunctional nanotools which are prepared by using cationic lipids or polymers as well as these are also found to more promising choice for gene delivery over viral vector delivery like E. coli, Lentil virus, Adenovirus, Herpes virus and Retro viruses. [3]. This kind of nanoparticles based gene vehicles have low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility with improved transfection efficiency to target the cancer or tumor cells as nonviral gene vectors [4].…”