“…Modern network stores typically indicate unfavorable rivalry between significant and small capital-scale business operators (grocery stores, traders, traditional markets). Modern networked stores are linked to modernization (Evans & Kitchi, 2018;Mishra, Sinha, & Koul, 2017), economic liberalization (Kaliappan et al, 2009), and economic transition (Maruyama & Trung, 2012;Khan, Ahmed, & Arshad, 2019;Noordin et al, 2022;Wang, 2018) in a variety of countries, particularly developing ones. It is demonstrated by…”