CXCL5 expression in tumor tissues is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer

Abstract

Immunotherapy based on the tumor microenvironment is a feasible method for treating cancer; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and the influencing factors of the immune microenvironment. Chemokines are an important factor affecting the tumor immune microenvironment. In the present study, chemokines or chemokine receptors were screened to identify those differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer compared with normal controls and associated with patient prognosis. Chemokines or chemokine receptors that are differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer tumor tissues were initially screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Next, survival analysis was performed using GEPIA, a website based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunohistochemical staining of CXCL5 was performed in tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 119 cases of pancreatic cancer. Histochemistry score (H-SCORE) was used to evaluate the expression of CXCL5. Next, association analysis of the H-SCORE of CXCL5 and the clinical characteristics of patients was performed, as well as Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox multivariate regression analyses. The results of the bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that CXCL5 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. High expression of CXCL5 in pancreatic cancer tissues was associated with a poor prognosis in patients in TCGA cohort. The expression level of CXCL5 in tumor tissues was significantly higher compared with that in adjacent peritumoral normal tissues in the immunohistochemical analysis. There was no significant association between CXCL5 expression in pancreatic cancer tumor tissues and clinicopathological factors. Patients with pancreatic cancer with high CXCL5 expression had a poor prognosis, as determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on the TMA dataset. The results of Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that CXCL5 was an independent factor for a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that the chemokine CXCL5 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues; high CXCL5 expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Prognostic Biomarkers and Immunotherapeutic Targets Among CXC Chemokines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

“…One explanation for the immune dysfunction is that altered CXC chemokine expression profiles in TME can increase the recruitment of pro-tumorigenic immune cells such as myeloidderived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and regulatory T cells (Treg) via the CXCL-CXCR axes (50,89). For instance, overexpression of CXCL5 in pancreatic cancer cells promoted TAN recruitment and correlated with worse prognosis through the CXCL5-CXCR2 axes (61)(62)(63)(64). Immune dysfunction plays an essential role in tumor progression and tumor invasion.…”

Gene Expression and Regulatory Webwork of POLR2K in Bladder Carcinogenesis by Integrated Bioinformatics Approaches

“…39 tissue pairs in the TMAs were subjected to immunohistochemistry to assess POLR2K and E2F1 expression. Immunohistochemical staining was performed as Bin et al described [32]. Brie y, before the tissue micro-assay slide was probed with the desired primary antibody, such as POLR2K and E2F1 in a humidi ed chamber overnight at 4 °C, goat serums were used to block in a humidi ed chamber for 1 h. Then the section was washed by newly-made PBS and hybridized with the secondary antibody.…”