“…Pre-conditioning step At this stage, the researcher reviewed several frequently used instruments, namely, the cyber incivility scale compiled by Lim and Teo (2009), the workplace incivility scale developed by Cortina et al, (2001), and the email incivility scale compiled by McCarthy et al (2019). In this study, the cyber incivility scale developed by Lim and Teo (2009) was chosen as the most appropriate measuring instrument to be studied and adapted because, first, it is the most commonly used to measure cyber incivility (Aljawarneh et al, 2020;Daniels & Thornton, 2020;Febriana & Fajrianthi, 2019;Krishnan, 2016;Lim & Teo, 2009;Park et al, 2015); second, the workplace incivility scale is an instrument to measure incivility behavior that is carried out face-to-face, while the e-mail incivility measurement instrument is developed only in the context of e-mail, and; third, in a number of studies, the cyber incivility scale was proven to be a reliable and valid measuring instrument. For example, in the study of Lim and Teo (2009), this measuring instrument has an alpha coefficient of active cyber incivility of .95, and that of passive cyber incivility of .94, meaning that this measuring instrument has good internal consistency because the Cronbach's alpha is acceptable when > .7.…”