Cyber-physical-system-based smart water system to prevent flood hazards

Abstract

Background Extreme weather and climate events such as super typhoons and unprecedented recorded high intensity rainfall events have increased in recent years due to climate change. Such extreme weather events generate floods and cause loss of life and property. Therefore, efficient strategies and measures for flood mitigation and prevention are essential. Computer-aided techniques can increase the speed of emergency response and reduce the impacts of a flood. Methods This study applied the cyber-physical system concept to develop a smart flood information system, called Dayu Smart Water System. The system includes an on-site monitoring network and software for rapid flood modeling to provide updated information. With the utilization of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the system not only provides forecast information but also plays an active role by enabling users to take emergency response measures before, during, and after a flood. The system is aimed at accelerating emergency responses during a flood without requiring any human intervention. Results The system was deployed in a high-tech industrial park in central Taiwan. Experimental results revealed that the system could increase the response efficiency of the emergency operations center during a few extreme events in 2017. To enable the system to respond to a wide range of flood induced threats in a more effective manner, a few advanced functions are under development and discussed in this paper. Conclusions This study utilized Dayu Smart Water System that integrates on-site monitoring sensors and advanced modeling tools to provide optimal flood forecasts. However, the proposed system has implemented only the first three levels—connection, conversion, and cyber levels. The higher the number of levels is, the more added value is the system provides. The fourth and fifth levels, namely the cognition and configuration levels, were not discussed in the study. Further developments in these two levels will be conducted.

Recent Advances in Real-Time Pluvial Flash Flood Forecasting

“…In this perspective, the emerging concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) can be seen as an alternative to traditional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems due to the fact that representatives of the latter tend to be isolated platforms characterized by lower levels of interoperability and scalability, while the former usually makes use of the expanding wireless availability and open communication protocols to achieve higher levels of flexibility. The IoT has been explored for the proposal and development of integrated systems capable of supporting multiple flood-related sensed data sources, with case studies presented mainly in the context of urban floods [113][114][115], some of them with the potential of performing autonomous decisions towards the optimization of flood-mitigating structures [115,116] in real-time.…”

Gestão Inteligente Da Distribuição De Água Em Parintins/Am

“…De acordo com Silveira (2015), o conceito de Smart Water System (Sistema Inteligente de Água) utiliza os avanços nas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) para o monitoramento do sistema de captação, tratamento e distribuição de água, a partir dos dados obtidos da operação do sistema voltado a obter maior eficiência do próprio sistema e na alocação de recursos. Yang et al (2018) abordam que o Smart Water System integra tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial (AI) e Internet das Coisas (IoT) para transformar dados observados em informações úteis, ou seja, o sistema não apenas fornece dados de monitoramento aos gestores e usuários, mas também permite que eles tomem as medidas necessárias para mitigar os impactos ocasionados pelas perdas de água.…”

“…Naturalmente, ambos impactos ambientais refletem em problemas sociais, haja vista a elevação nos custos operacionais de prestação do serviço de distribuição de água, que onera o custo da água tanto para a municipalidade quanto para os cidadãos, e o consumo de água contaminada pela população, respectivamente. De mais a mais, os erros de medição, ou melhor, a não medição do consumo de água na maioria das residências desta municipalidade, somado ao consumo clandestino, tornam a prestação do serviço de fornecimento de água mais custoso, recuo econômico oriundo da não conformidade do sistema, similar às considerações de Hope et al (2011), Silveira (2015, Martins et al (2017) e Yang et al (2018) ao abordarem a gestão da água sob a égide do desenvolvimento sustentável.…”

A General Overview of the Risk-Reduction Strategies for Floods and Droughts

“…The paradigm of disaster management must shift from prevention to management or mitigation in order to achieve the goal of sustainability. The concept of BCP is a very good practice for business sectors to adapt to climate extremes and return to regular trade in a timely manner [142]. Tables 3 and 4 show examples of risk reduction for floods and droughts, respectively.…”