Cybersecurity Enhancement of Power Trading Within the Networked Microgrids Based on Blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph Approach

Wang, Boyu; Dabbaghjamanesh, Morteza; Kavousi‐Fard, Abdollah; Mehraeen, Shahab

doi:10.1109/tia.2019.2919820

Cited by 140 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Wang et al [101] have proposed a DAG-enabled TES for secure energy transactions among networked MGs, which are categorized as residential, commercial, and hospital MGs. The energy management objective is defined to minimize overall system cost, which includes generation and energy trading costs of each MG.…”

Section: B Directed Acyclic Graphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgrid Transactive Energy: Review, Architectures, Distributed Ledger Technologies, and Market Analysis

et al. 2020

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Prosumer concept and digitilization offer the exciting potential of microgrid transactive energy systems at distribution level for reducing transmission losses, decreasing electric infrastructure expenditure, improving reliability, enhancing local energy use, and minimizing customers' electricity bills. Distributed energy resources, demand response, distributed ledger technologies, and local energy markets are integral parts of transaction energy system for emergence of decentralized smart grid system. Hence, this paper discusses transactive energy concept and proposes seven functional layers architecture for designing transactive energy system. The proposed architecture is compared with practical case study of Brooklyn microgrid. Moreover, this paper reviews the existing architectures and explains the widely known distributed ledger technologies (blockchain, directed acyclic graph, hashgraph, holochain, and tempo) alongwith their advantages and challenges. The local energy market concept is presented and critically analyzed for energy trade within a transactive energy system. This paper also reviews the potential and challenges of peer-topeer and community-based energy markets. Proposed architecture and analytical review of distributed ledger technologies and local energy markets pave the way for advanced research and industrialization of transactive energy systems. INDEX TERMS Blockchain, decentralization, demand response, distributed ledger technologies, energy trading, local energy market, microgrid, peer-to-peer market, prosumer, renewable energy sources, smart grid, system architectures, transactive energy.

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Section: B Directed Acyclic Graphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgrid Transactive Energy: Review, Architectures, Distributed Ledger Technologies, and Market Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…In this regard, the authors introduced a hybrid structure which is a combination of centralized and decentralized schemes. However, there is still the possibility of data attacks exist due to the cyclic form of the blockchain and interdependency of the data blocks [46]. Authors in [46] tried to remove this drawback by proposing a directed acyclic graph (DAG) approach which will effectively reduce the chance of getting affected by the cyber attackers.…”

Section: Res Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another issue is that there still the possibility of unauthorized access exists due to the cyclic form of the blockchain through a third party entity. To remove these weaknesses, the concept of directed acyclic graph (DAG) approach is provided by the researchers in energy-oriented environments [46]. The DAG approach enables the data blocks to be transacted in a proper categorized based manner.…”

Section: Dag Based Security Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Secured Energy Management Architecture for Smart Hybrid Microgrids Considering PEM-Fuel Cell and Electric Vehicles

Dong²,

et al. 2020

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This article assesses the energy management of reconfigurable residential smart hybrid AC/DC microgrids considering the combined heat and power (CHP) loads as well as the electric vehicles charging/discharging behaviors. A holistic model is developed for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to retrieve the unwanted thermal energy generated at the operation time. The proposed model makes use of the unoccupied capacity of the fuel cell for producing/storing hydrogen for the later usage and increasing its efficiency. A stochastic framework is designed using point estimate method (PEM) to capture the uncertainties of the photovoltaic and wind turbine forecast error, power company price, the operating temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the price for natural gas, price for selling hydrogen, and the pressure of the H2 and O2 in the fuel cell stack. The PEM approach has shown superior advantages in terms of accuracy and running time. Considering the complex and nonlinear structure of the proposed framework, a proficient optimization technique based on the teacher learning algorithm (TLA) is devised. A two-phase modification method is proposed to increase the algorithm variety and help its convergence characteristics. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the TLA, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA). For enhancing the security of the energy and data transaction within the system, a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based security framework is introduced to guarantee the performance of the system against the subversive accesses. By using this scheme, the essential data of the units are recorded and secured in the form of public, private and transaction blockchains. The economic characteristics of the proposed method are assessed on a residential hybrid AC-DC microgrid test system.

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“…Since in blockchain technology, the data blocks are sequentially dependent, the chance of getting attacked by malicious third parties is still possible. To overcome this challenge, it is shown in the literature [29] that the cybersecurity of electricity trading in the microgrids can be much improved by changing the blockchain technologies relying on a direct acyclic graph (DAG). In [30], a review is provided on the technological attributes and platforms in the current literature for the standingalone fog computing and internet of everything paradigms.…”

Section: A Motivation and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scheduling and Management of a Smart City Within the Safe Framework

Duan

Quynh

Abdullah³

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Cybersecurity Enhancement of Power Trading Within the Networked Microgrids Based on Blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph Approach

Cited by 140 publications

References 25 publications

Microgrid Transactive Energy: Review, Architectures, Distributed Ledger Technologies, and Market Analysis

Microgrid Transactive Energy: Review, Architectures, Distributed Ledger Technologies, and Market Analysis

A Secured Energy Management Architecture for Smart Hybrid Microgrids Considering PEM-Fuel Cell and Electric Vehicles

Optimal Scheduling and Management of a Smart City Within the Safe Framework

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