Cyclical relationships between river discharge and chemical concentration during flood events

Johnson, F.A.; East, Jeffery W.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(82)90105-6

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Miller and Drever (1977) inferred, as a result of C=Q hysteresis, that the release of soluble salts was occurring during the early part of a storm cycle in the North Fork of the Shoshone River (Wyoming, USA). Johnson and East (1982) demonstrated that variable contributions from surface runoff, interflow (soil water) and ground water can result in clockwise or anticlockwise hysteresis loops. Walling and Webb (1980) interpreted hysteresis dynamics for the River Exe in England in terms of variable source area contributions during the course of a storm and inferred that 'clockwise hysteresis' (increasing solute concentrations associated with the falling limb) was the result of ground-water contributions from distal tributaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative solute–discharge hysteresis analysis for an urbanized and a ‘control basin’ in the Georgia (USA) Piedmont

Rose

2003

Journal of Hydrology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative solute–discharge hysteresis analysis for an urbanized and a ‘control basin’ in the Georgia (USA) Piedmont

Rose

2003

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Concentration-discharge observations as state variables in a dynamical system: The runoff response from distributed sources of rainfall and environmental tracers or contaminants exhibits characteristic trajectories and patterns relating to the hydrologic processes contributing to runoff [Johnson and East, 1982]. ditions for rotation direction and size of the trajectory, and how does rotation relate to the underlying hydrologic and/or hydrochemical processes and parameters?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ditions for rotation direction and size of the trajectory, and how does rotation relate to the underlying hydrologic and/or hydrochemical processes and parameters? It has been observed [Johnson and East, 1982] that the direction of rotation during storm events may be clockwise, counterclockwise, or some combination, depending on the initial state of storage, the timing, and magnitude of the inputs. Chemical reaction rates would also be a factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low‐dimensional model for concentration‐discharge dynamics in groundwater stream systems

Duffy¹,

Cusumano²

1998

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. In this paper we investigate the physical basis and validity of a dynamical model for environmental tracer response for a groundwater-dominated stream reach or small catchments. The dynamical model is formed by volume averaging of the local equations of saturated flow and solute transport. The approach interprets the empirical concentration-discharge C-Q as a pair of integrated state variables from an underlying state space (or phase space) for the hillslope or catchment response. The inputs represent episodic, seasonal, and random recharge rate and concentration time series. A closed form solution is found for constant inputs. Results are compared with numerical solutions of the governing partial differential equations, and agreement is found for a full range of initial states and levels of forcing. For pulse-type or piecewise constant recharge events, the phase plane trajectories for C-Q are shown to exhibit looping behavior, without the need for an assumption of hysteresis in the model. The orientation and looping direction of these solutions are shown to be controlled by the dimensionless ratio of solute residence time to hydraulic relaxation time and the relative phase lag between recharge and recharge concentration. The closed form solution is extended to the case of piecewise constant, random, input sequences resulting in a "random map" for C-Q. An application is presented for seasonal storage and flushing of SO -4 in runoff for a small catchment in central Pennsylvania. IntroductionThis research deals with the development from first principles of a dynamical model for concentration-discharge (C-Q) dynamics in runoff, subject to dual time-varying inputs. Although multiple reservoir models are widely used, they are often formulated in an ad hoc fashion, particularly as regards the number of required reservoirs (i.e., state variables) and the form of constitutivc relations. The result is that the relation of such models to the underlying physics is obscure. The dynamical systems perspective taken here, applied in conjunction with appropriate continuum theories, provides a consistent conceptual framework in which to both derive and test the validity of such models. A comprehensive approach would formulate a dynamical theory for modeling the fully coupled hydrochemical response of saturated and unsaturated storage discharging to streams, rivers, and lakes for distributed inputs, including chemical transformations. The present paper extends the work of Gelhat and Wilson [1974]

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“…They have been used to delineate various source contributions to the stream flow and to infer geochemical and mixing processes before, during and after storms (Rose, 2003). These processes are difficult to discriminate since variable contributions from surface runoff, soil water and ground water can result in clockwise or anticlockwise hysteresis loops (Johnson and East, 1982). Most of the time, dissolved concentrations are higher during the rising limb, and this was attributed to early flushing of soluble material from soils at the beginning of the rain episode followed by a dilution process effect (Chow, 1964).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual variations of dissolved As, Sb and Ni in the Rhône River during flood events

Ollivier¹,

Radakovitch²,

Hamelin³

2006

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Cyclical relationships between river discharge and chemical concentration during flood events

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Comparative solute–discharge hysteresis analysis for an urbanized and a ‘control basin’ in the Georgia (USA) Piedmont

Comparative solute–discharge hysteresis analysis for an urbanized and a ‘control basin’ in the Georgia (USA) Piedmont

A low‐dimensional model for concentration‐discharge dynamics in groundwater stream systems

Unusual variations of dissolved As, Sb and Ni in the Rhône River during flood events

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