Cyclone Nargis Storm Surge Flooding in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady River Delta

Fritz, Hermann M.; Blount, Chris; Thwin, Swe; Thu, Moe Kyaw; Chan, Nyein

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3109-9_34

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results Lin (2009) made an observation that most of the areas of the Ayeyarwady delta are open and highly vulnerable to storm surge disasters, which can easily enter inland because of various tributaries, numerous bell-shaped river mouths and very narrow slope. Storm waves generated above 2 m high were superimposed on the peak surge level in the Ayeyarwady delta region of Myanmar (Shibayama et al 2009;Fritz et al 2010). Similar to this study, the simulated surge rises with enhancing the domain size primarily and then increases in constant value (Li et al 2013).…”

Section: Simulation Of 2008 May Nargis Cyclonesupporting

confidence: 74%

Simulation of Storm Surge in Myanmar Coast

et al. 2017

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Background Storm surge is one of the most severe disastrous hazards in the Southeast Asian region including Myanmar. In order to accurately and on time numerical prediction of a surge, it is a crucial task for disaster mitigation. Purpose The objective of the study is to examine the predicted storm surge heights sensitivity with varying water depth. Storm parameters considered in the study include pressure drops, radius of maximum wind and duration of the storm and landfall angles in the Myanmar coast. Method Traditional model for numerical prediction of the storm surge has some drawbacks such as a delayed intimation of expected storm surges. To overcome these shortcomings, this study used the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D)-based surge model to explore the various factors of a surge in Myanmar. Results The sensitivity results from the study demonstrate that the shallowness of the water depth and obtuse landfall angle in the Rakhine coast of Myanmar produce the highest surge height. It also shows that a fast-moving cyclone made a larger surge than slower one. The effects of wind stress forcing reveal that high-pressure drops and radius of maximum wind generate a larger surge. The peak surges are computed by the prediction model which compared to the observed values and found to be the most accuracy of the results. Conclusion Thus, this surge model can provide an early (nearly 48 h) warming in the coastal regions of Myanmar. It can help to mitigate disaster from the consequences of storm surge in Myanmar by evacuating the local residents.

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Section: Simulation Of 2008 May Nargis Cyclonesupporting

confidence: 74%

Simulation of Storm Surge in Myanmar Coast

et al. 2017

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“…According to this survey report, ''all interviewed eyewitnesses including elders ignored warnings due to a total lack of cyclone awareness and evacuation plans, absence of high ground or shelters, and no indigenous knowledge of comparable prior storm surge flooding in the Ayeyarwady River delta. In sharp contrast, the residents of the Gwa coastline in western Myanmar who are frequently struck by cyclones such as Mala are aware of cyclone hazards and have evacuation plans'' (Fritz et al 2010(Fritz et al , 2011. The report also mentioned that even though the storm surge and waves were not unusually high, the impact might have been worsened by the lack of nearby high ground for evacuation and loss of coastal mangrove forests that could have slowed down the storm waves.…”

Section: Findings From the Field Surveys Of Other Teamsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These authors also report how areas over 50 km inland were inundated and that storm waves more than 2 m high were superimposed on the storm surge level in most areas (Fritz et al 2010(Fritz et al , 2011. The survey team documented soil erosion of as much as 1 m vertically and more than 100 m horizontally.…”

Section: Findings From the Field Surveys Of Other Teamsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The results reveal that a relative small number of cyclones (roughly 2 times on average every 10 years) hit the southern coast of Myanmar, compared to the number of cyclones that hit the coast of Bangladesh, and that the route that Nargis traced is rather unique. There is no tropical cyclone track in the JTWC database making a direct landfall at the Ayeyarwady River Delta in the Union of Myanmar Years2000-2007Years1990-1999Years1980-1989Years1970-1979Years1960-1969Years1945-1959 from the year 1977 to 2008 (Fritz et al 2010). Thus, it can be concluded that as residents had little (or none) experience of storm surges, it is not surprising that they could not clearly imagine the danger they were facing.…”

Section: Post-cyclone Field Survey By the Authorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Field observation and numerical simulation of past and future storm surges in the Bay of Bengal: case study of cyclone Nargis

et al. 2014

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Storm surges are one of the most important risks to coastal communities around the Bay of Bengal, and it is feared that the threat they pose will increase with climate change in the future. To understand the threats that these events pose, a summary of the field surveys performed in Yangon River Basin after cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008 is presented. Though due to government restrictions survey activities were limited to the area near Yangon city, it was found out that the tide due to the storm surge was probably between 3 and 4 m high and travelled around 50 km upstream of the river mouth of Yangon River. Cyclone Nargis could be accurately reproduced using a numerical model that integrated weather, wave, coastal ocean models, and tide prediction system. The application of such an integrated model is relatively new for storm surge simulation and has never been used for the Bay of Bengal storms. The model was then used to also simulate future cyclones over the Bay of Bengal considering a future climate change scenario.

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“…The inland runup possibly reached approximately 1 km. As in general tropical cyclones accompany heavy rain and cause river flood ( [Dietrich et al, 2010;Fritz et al, 2010]), river propagation of the tide had yet to be explicitly observed. A storm tide propagation in the river, which potentially extends the flood area inland away from the coast, is a disaster scenario which should be taken into account for warning and evacuation in future storm surge events.…”

Section: Survey Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Report on the 2014 Winter Cyclone Storm Surge in Nemuro, Japan

Saruwatari

Lima

Kato

et al. 2015

Coastal Engineering Journal

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From Tuesday, December 16, 2014, until Thursday, December 18, Hokkaido was battered by strong winds and high sea waves caused by a passing low pressure system intensified to typhoon levels. In the city of Nemuro, a rise in sea level influenced by the storm surge which exceeded quay height in port areas was observed from predawn Wednesday, December 17, 2014. Flooding was experienced in areas of central Nemuro, the Nemuro Port and estuaries of rivers. This technical note provides a comprehensive meteorological analysis and the results of a local flood survey carried out by the authors from December 19 to 21, 2014, and summarizes the characteristics of the 2014 Nemuro storm surge disaster

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Cyclone Nargis Storm Surge Flooding in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady River Delta

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Simulation of Storm Surge in Myanmar Coast

Simulation of Storm Surge in Myanmar Coast

Field observation and numerical simulation of past and future storm surges in the Bay of Bengal: case study of cyclone Nargis

Report on the 2014 Winter Cyclone Storm Surge in Nemuro, Japan

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