Cyclosporin A Production from Tolipocladium inflatum

Khan, Nida Tabassum

doi:10.4172/2327-5146.1000294

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Secondary metabolites produced by fungi are also drug leads for many immunosuppressants used in related inflammatory disorders such as mycophenolic acid (produced by Penicillium spp.) [281], cyclosporin (produced by Tolipocladium inflatum) [282], and fingolimod (Gilenya TM ) derived from myriocin (produced by Isaria sinclairii) [283]. Many such molecules and metabolites derived from various fungi and macrofungi (mushrooms) with potent anti-inflammatory properties are reviewed elsewhere [284,285].…”

Section: Fungal-derived Anti-inflammatory Drug Leadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathology, Treatments, Challenges and Emerging Therapeutics Including Drug Leads from Natural Products

Yeshi

Ruscher

Hunter

et al. 2020

JCM

121

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-long disease characterized by gastrointestinal tract inflammation. It is caused by the interplay of the host’s genetic predisposition and immune responses, and various environmental factors. Despite many treatment options, there is no cure for IBD. The increasing incidence and prevalence of IBD and lack of effective long-term treatment options have resulted in a substantial economic burden to the healthcare system worldwide. Biologics targeting inflammatory cytokines initiated a shift from symptomatic control towards objective treatment goals such as mucosal healing. There are seven monoclonal antibody therapies excluding their biosimilars approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for induction and maintenance of clinical remission in IBD. Adverse side effects associated with almost all currently available drugs, especially biologics, is the main challenge in IBD management. Natural products have significant potential as therapeutic agents with an increasing role in health care. Given that natural products display great structural diversity and are relatively easy to modify chemically, they represent ideal scaffolds upon which to generate novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the pathology, currently available treatment options for IBD and associated challenges, and the roles played by natural products in health care. It discusses these natural products within the current biodiscovery research agenda, including the applications of drug discovery techniques and the search for next-generation drugs to treat a plethora of inflammatory diseases, with a major focus on IBD.

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Section: Fungal-derived Anti-inflammatory Drug Leadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathology, Treatments, Challenges and Emerging Therapeutics Including Drug Leads from Natural Products

Yeshi

Ruscher

Hunter

et al. 2020

JCM

121

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“…Previous studies have explored the defensive nature of surfactants by expanding the application of bioactive peptides to inactivate enveloped viruses. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a biopeptide produced from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum, already known to inhibit the propagation of the influenza virus by interfering with the viral cycle (Garoff et al, 1998;Khan, 2017). CsA does not affect adsorption or RNA replication but instead inhibits steps after protein synthesis, such as assembly or budding (Garoff et al, 1998).…”

Section: Anti-viral Applications Of Biosurfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosurfactants: A Covid-19 Perspective

et al. 2020

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The recent outbreak in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has demonstrated the complete inability of nations across the world to cope with the pressures of a global pandemic, especially one in which the only current feasible treatments are those which deal with the symptoms alone and not the viral cause. As the death toll rises, scientists begin to fall toward new avenues of research, with novelty showing itself to be an incredible and so far, underrated resource. In this case, the use of biosurfactants in dealing with this pandemic justifies extensive study with their potential applications being in the prevention of viral spread; dealing with the symptoms that develop after the incubation period; directly targeting viral infected cells and preventing the spread of the virus throughout the host, all in addition to also acting as potential drug delivery systems and cleaning agents. This extensive avenue of biosurfactants owes to the simplicity in their amphiphilic structure which permits them to interact directly with the lipid membrane of the coronavirus, in a way which wouldn't be of significant threat to the host. Although it could possibly interact and affect the virus, it could also affect human internal organs/cells by interacting with lipid membrane, if (biosurfactant is) ingested, and it still needs further studies in human models. The structure of the coronavirus, in this case SARS-CoV-2, is detrimentally dependent on the integrity of its lipid membrane which encloses its vital proteins and RNA. Biosurfactants possess the innate ability to threaten this membrane, a result of their own hydrophobic domains across their amphiphilic structure. With biosurfactants additionally being both natural and sustainable, while also possessing a remarkably low cytotoxicity, it is of no doubt that they are going to be of increasing significance in dealing with the current pandemic.

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“…Peptides can be obtained by either biological fermentation or chemical synthesis. Although many natural peptide‐based drugs ( e.g ., cyclosporin A, daptomycin, nisin A, liraglutide, and semaglutide) 4–6 have been manufactured by biological methods, more recently, peptide drugs are being chemically synthesized ( e.g ., enfuvirtide) 7,8 . Chemical peptide synthesis methods are primarily divided into solution‐phase synthesis and solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) methods; the former is efficient for short peptides, and the latter is more efficient for longer peptides because of their relatively simple operation and work‐up 9 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%