Cytogenetic analysis shows extensive genomic rearrangements between red howler (Alouatta seniculus, Linnaeus) subspecies

Abstract

A comparison of the G‐banded karyotypes of two red howler subspecies, Alouatta seniculus arctoidea and A. s. sara, showed that they differed by at least 14 chromosomal rearrangements. Genomic reshuffling is so great that homologs between subspecies could not be found for some chromosome, while the assignment of homology for other chromosomes remains uncertain. The two red howlers, however, share an unusual X1X2Y1Y2/ X1X1X2X2 sex‐chromosome system that resulted from a Y‐autosome translocation, probably in a common ancestor. The great chromosomal variability resulting from rapid chromosomal evolution in howlers indicates that cytogenetic data could make an important contribution to resolving phylogenetic and conservation problems in this group of highly conspicuous New World Monkeys. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Mammalian Diversity and Matses Ethnomammalogy in Amazonian Peru Part 1: Primates

“…Although subtle differences in pelage color, sexual dichromatism, and hyoid morphology are said to exist among some of these forms (Gregorin, 2006), chromosomal comparisons provide the most compelling evidence for species recognition. Unfortunately, published karyotypes have only been reported for arctoidea (see Stanyon et al, 1995), macconnelli (including ''straminea''; Lima et al, 1990;Lima and Seuá nez, 1991;Vassart et al, 1996), sara (see Minezawa et al, 1985;Stanyon et al, 1995), and seniculus (see Yunis et al, 1976;Lima and Seuá nez, 1991). Among other chromosomal differences described in this literature, a shared Y-autosome translocation in arctoidea, macconnelli, and sara has resulted in a X 1 X 2 Y 1 Y 2 /X 1 X 1 X 2 X 2 sex-chromosome system, whereas seniculus has the standard XY/XX system.…”

Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Neotropical monkey genus, Alouatta

“…Consigliere et al, 1998). For example, cytogenetic studies support species status for A. s. arctoidea, A. s. sara, and A. s. macconelli (Lima and Seu a anez, 1991;Minezawa et al, 1985;Stanyon et al, 1995;Vassart et al, 1996;see Rylands and Brandon-Jones, 1998; for a recent discussion regarding the taxonomy of the A. seniculus group). Our mtDNA-based phylogenetic analyses further substantiate the status of A. sara and A. macconelli as phylogenetically distinct from A. seniculus and from one another.…”

“…This is particularly true for the A. seniculus group owing to the high levels of allozyme and cytogenetic variation observed across the geographic range of this species (Lima and Seu a anez, 1991;Minezawa et al, 1985;Pope, 1992;Sampaio et al, 1996;Stanyon et al, 1995;Vassart et al, 1996). Hill (1962) listed nine subspecies, however, recent cytogenetic and molecular research indicates that A. seniculus is a species complex rather than a single species (e.g.…”

Phylogenetic relationships among Brazilian howler monkeys, genus Alouatta (Platyrrhini, Atelidae), based on <FONT FACE=Symbol>g</FONT>1-globin pseudogene sequences

“…While the latter group is monotypic, the other two encompass a variety of different forms, whose arrangement has been subject to conflicting interpretations (e.g. Hershkovitz, 1949;Hill, 1962;Mittermeier et al, 1988;Groves, 1993;Bonvicino et al, 1995;Stanyon et al, 1995;Rylands and Brandon-Jones, 1998).…”