Cytokine Production and Bone Remodeling in Patients wearing Overdentures on Oral Implants

Abstract

The stability of titanium dental implants is determined by osseointegration. Bone is a dynamic tissue continuously remodeled through resorption and formation, processes controlled by local cytokine production. This study investigated osseotropic cytokine expression in gingival mucosa, in the intraforamina and inferior first molar zones, during rehabilitation with implant-retained overdentures. Specimens were taken from six patients prior to placement of implants in the intraforamina bone; at connection of healing abutments; and 4, 8, and 12 months after prosthetic anchorage. Through semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction, the following constitutively expressed cytokines were found at first surgical stage: interleukin-1, -6, and -8; small amounts of interleukin-11; stem cell factor; and transforming growth factor-beta1, -beta2, and -beta3. From the connection of healing abutments to 12 months after prosthetic anchorage, transforming growth factor-beta1, -beta2, and -beta3 were markedly higher than initial values. Expression of interleukin-6 and -8 decreased 8 months after prosthetic anchorage, while that of interleukin-1 increased at 12 months. In cultured gingival fibroblasts, modulation of cytokine secretion was also time-dependent. Cell culture supernatants influenced osteoclast-like multinucleated cell formation in long-term human marrow culture or osteoblast function, depending on the cytokine profile produced. These results are consistent with functional contributions of cytokines to osseointegration and minimization of posterior edentulous zone bone resorption.

Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Peri-Implant Soft Tissues: A Preliminary Study on Humans Using CDNA Microarray Technology

“…In agreement with the study published by Schierano et al in which the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured around titanium abutments (34), the findings of this study indicate no inflammatory response in the soft tissues ofthe implant analysed one, year after loading. The results of this study suggest a successful implant osseointegration (35). However, the expression of examined anti-inflammatory cytokines was higher around the zirconia abutment in comparison with the titanium abutment.…”

Interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and periimplant disease. An update

“…Bone is a dynamic tissue continuously su�ject to remodeling through rea�sorption and formation, these processes �eing controlled �y the local production of cytokines, among other factors (4). Some of the studies in our review reported increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 in periimplant disease, revealing their implication in the destruction of periimplant tissue and their usefulness as markers of periimplant disease (1,2,4, 7-9).…”

“…Some of the studies in our review reported increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 in periimplant disease, revealing their implication in the destruction of periimplant tissue and their usefulness as markers of periimplant disease (1,2,4, 7-9). In contrast, other authors o�served no relationship �etween IL-6 and IL-10 levels and periimplant disease (2,7,8,10), discarding their implication in early dental implant loss (4). Regarding IL-6, Liskmann et al (1), on studying the levels of IL-6 in the crevicular fluid of the periimplant sulcus in 30 patients, recorded increased concentrations in patients with periimplant disease -a positive correlation �eing o�served with the clinical parameters (�leed-ing, pocket depth and gingival index).…”

“…2006 ( Decrease in IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 Pietruski et al (14), and 8 months after prosthesis placement according to Schierano et al (3,4). IL-12 does not appear under conditions of periimplant health, and disappears entirely 12 months after fitting the prosthesis.…”

“…In the oral cavity it has �een seen that the plasma cytokine levels increase after surgery (2). In this context, dental implant surgery releases a large amount of cytokines at local level as a �ody response to surgical aggression, and these levels gradually decrease over the su�sequent 8 months (3,4). Cytokine release after this period of time is regarded as an important factor in the development of periimplant disease.…”