Cytokine production and phenotype of Histomonas meleagridis-specific T cells in the chicken

Lagler, Julia; Mitra, Taniya; Schmidt, Selma; Pierron, Alix; Stadler, Maria; Hammer, Sabine E.; Mair, Kerstin H.; Grafl, Beatrice; Wernsdorf, Patricia; Rauw, Fabienne; Lambrecht, Bénédicte; Liebhart, Dieter; Gerner, Wilhelm

doi:10.1186/s13567-019-0726-z

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We also tested other 10 clones of anti-chicken IFN-γ antibodies that are commercially available ( Table 3 ), none of them worked for ICS ( Hao et al, 2020 ). A recent study showed that newly-developed six clones of anti-chicken IFN-γ antibodies have strong reactivity with chicken IFN-γ in ICS, which might be a better antibody for intracellular staining of chicken IFN-γ ( Lagler et al, 2019 ). However, in this study, the percentage of IFN-γ was still low (2–3%) and mainly produced by CD4 T cells and barely by CD8 T cells upon mitogen stimulation ( Lagler et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Detection Of Cytokine Secretion By T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study showed that newly-developed six clones of anti-chicken IFN-γ antibodies have strong reactivity with chicken IFN-γ in ICS, which might be a better antibody for intracellular staining of chicken IFN-γ ( Lagler et al, 2019 ). However, in this study, the percentage of IFN-γ was still low (2–3%) and mainly produced by CD4 T cells and barely by CD8 T cells upon mitogen stimulation ( Lagler et al, 2019 ). Thus, it remains debatable whether IFN-γ expression in chickens is just low or the antibodies are not the best.…”

Section: Detection Of Cytokine Secretion By T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it remains debatable whether IFN-γ expression in chickens is just low or the antibodies are not the best. While intracellular staining of IFN-γ and IL-17A have been tested and validated ( Walliser and Gobel, 2017 , 2018 ; Lagler et al, 2019 ), to stain other cytokines intracellularly such as TNF-α and IL-2 has not been reported in chicken. It may be a good option to use quantitative RT-PCR in combination with cell sorting to quantify the expression of IFN-γ and other cytokines by specific subset of immune cells, as shown in a recent study ( Hao et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Detection Of Cytokine Secretion By T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evaluation of Cellular Immunity to Avian Viral Diseases: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

et al. 2021

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Cellular immune responses play critical roles in the control of viral infection. However, the immune protection against avian viral diseases (AVDs), a major challenge to poultry industry, is yet mainly evaluated by measuring humoral immune response though antibody-independent immune protection was increasingly evident in the development of vaccines against some of these diseases. The evaluation of cellular immune response to avian viral infection has long been neglected due to limited reagents and methods. Recently, with the availability of more immunological reagents and validated approaches, the evaluation of cellular immunity has become feasible and necessary for AVD. Herein, we reviewed the methods used for evaluating T cell immunity in chickens following infection or vaccination, which are involved in the definition of different cellular subset, the analysis of T cell activation, proliferation and cytokine secretion, and in vitro culture of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and T cells. The pros and cons of each method were discussed, and potential future directions to enhance the studies of avian cellular immunity were suggested. The methodological improvement and standardization in analyzing cellular immune response in birds after viral infection or vaccination would facilitate the dissection of mechanism of immune protection and the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics against AVD.

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Section: Detection Of Cytokine Secretion By T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of Cytokine Secretion By T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of Cytokine Secretion By T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evaluation of Cellular Immunity to Avian Viral Diseases: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

et al. 2021

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“…At present, the research on host immune and in ammatory response caused by H. meleagridis infection was mainly focused on T cells, especially the immune and in ammatory response mediated by Th1 cells [44][45][46]. In this study, some GO terms related to T cell differentiation and function were screened to analyze the functions of the genes enriched into these terms (Additional le 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA expression profile of Chicken cecal in different stages during Histomonas meleagridis infection

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Histomonas meleagridis is an anaerobic, intercellular parasite, which infects gallinaceous birds such as turkeys and chickens. In recent years, the reemergence of Histomoniasis has caused serious economic losses as drugs to treat the disease have been banned. At present, H. meleagridis research focuses on virulence, gene expression analysis, and the innate immunity of the host. However, there are no studies on the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) associated with the host inflammatory and immune responses induced by H. meleagridis. In this research, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the expression profile of cecal miRNA at 10 and 15 days post-infection (DPI) in chickens infected with Chinese JSYZ-F strain H. meleagridis.Results: Compared with the controls, 94 and 127 DEMs were found in cecal of infected chickens at 10 DPI (CE vs CC) and 15 DPI (CEH vs CCH), respectively, of which 60 DEMs were shared at two-time points. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of the target genes of DEMs indicated that 881 and 1027 GO terms were significantly enriched at 10 and 15 DPI, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the target genes of DEMs demonstrated that 5 and 3 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched at 10 and 15 DPI, respectively. The integrated analysis of miRNA–gene network revealed that the DEMs played important roles in the host inflammatory and immune responses to H. meleagridis infection by dynamically regulating expression levels of inflammation and immune-related cytokines. Conclusion: This article not only suggested that host miRNA expression was dynamically altered by H. meleagridis and host but also revealed differences in the regulation of T cell involved in host responses to different times H. meleagridis infection. This article contributes to future research into miRNA-target interactions during H. meleagridis infection in chickens and provides new ideas for H. meleagridis treatment and control.

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“…Plasma levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase can indicate cellular damage and this enzyme can increase in turkeys with liver and cecal damage from histomonosis (28,29). CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells have been implicated in the immune response to histomonosis (188)(189)(190). Recently, populations of CD4+, CD8α+, and non-CD4+CD8α+ T cells in the liver and spleen of turkeys were induced following administration of attenuated H. meleagridis as a putative vaccine and subsequent virulent infection (191).…”

Section: Immune Response To H Meleagridis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histomonosis in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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Histomonas meleagridis, the etiological agent of histomonosis, is a poultry parasite primarily detrimental to turkeys. Characteristic lesions occur in the liver and ceca, with mortalities in turkey flocks often reaching 80–100%. Chickens and other gallinaceous birds can be susceptible but the disease was primarily considered sub-clinical until recent years. Treating and preventing H. meleagridis infection have become more difficult since 2015, when nitarsone was voluntarily removed from the market, leaving the poultry industry with no approved prophylactics, therapeutics, or vaccines to combat histomonosis. Phytogenic compounds evaluated for chemoprophylaxis of histomonosis have varied results with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Some recent research successes are encouraging for the pursuit of antihistomonal compounds derived from plants. Turkeys and chickens exhibit a level of resistance to re-infection when recovered from H. meleagridis infection, but no commercial vaccines are yet available, despite experimental successes. Safety and stability of live-attenuated isolates have been demonstrated; furthermore, highly efficacious protection has been conferred in experimental settings with administration of these isolates without harming performance. Taken together, these research advancements are encouraging for vaccine development, but further investigation is necessary to evaluate proper administration age, dose, and route. A summary of the published research is provided in this review.

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Cytokine production and phenotype of Histomonas meleagridis-specific T cells in the chicken

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

The Evaluation of Cellular Immunity to Avian Viral Diseases: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

The Evaluation of Cellular Immunity to Avian Viral Diseases: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

MicroRNA expression profile of Chicken cecal in different stages during Histomonas meleagridis infection

Histomonosis in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review

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