ABSTRACT. A female golden retriever was referred to assess a history of a palpable abdominal mass. A serum chemistry analysis revealed elevated concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP). Exploratory laparotomy revealed an ovoid mass within the right ovary. This mass was removed surgically by performing an ovariohysterectomy. The right ovarian mass was diagnosed as a serous papillary adenocarcinoma. Following surgery, the dog recovered, and the serum calcium and PTH-rP concentrations decreased. Therefore, concentrations of PTH-rP and calcium might be associated with serous papillary adenocarcinomas. Serial evaluation of the serum PTH-rP and calcium was useful for evaluating the prognosis. KEY WORDS: hypercalcemia, papillary adenocarcinoma, PTH-rP.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(9): 979-982, 2006 In dogs, the most common epithelial cell tumors of the ovary are papillary adenoma and adenocarcinoma [2,7,10]. In humans, paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is reported to be associated with ovarian tumors [1,4,12,13]. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) is involved in the onset of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia [3,4,11]. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia has been detected in dogs diagnosed with lymphoma [8], but hypercalcemia is rarely associated with ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma. In this paper, we describe a case of canine ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma with hypercalcemia.A 10-year-old female golden retriever that weighed 25.7 kg was referred for assessment of a history of weight loss over the preceding 7 days. The dog had been vomiting, anorexic, and polydipsic for 3 days. Physical examination revealed swelling of the vulva, a vulvar discharge, and a palpable abdominal mass. The serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 62.5 mg/dl), creatinine (Cre; 2.13 mg/ dl), and calcium (25.7 mg/dl) were elevated. The serum concentration of estrogen was 45.3 pg/ml, and that of PTHrP (Mitsubishi-Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan) was 70.3 pmol/l (Table 1) [8]. Radiographs revealed ovoid masses in the thoracic cavity and abdomen (Fig.