Cytopathogenesis and Cytopathology of Influenza Virus Infection of Cells in Culture

Kilbourne, Edwin D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5239-6_5

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The epithelial layer shows vacuolation, loss of cilia, and desquamation associated with edema and hyperemia of the lamina propria and relatively limited lymphocyte infiltration. As IAV infection causes cytopathic effect and cell death by apoptosis in vitro [9,10], the above rapidly developing cytopathology likely reflects the direct cytopathic effect of virus infection. As a viral virulence factor, PB1-F2 encoded by the PB1 segment of the viral RNA genome preferentially localizes to mitochondria and induces apoptosis [11].…”

Section: Clinical Course and Pathology Of Influenza Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia: lessons from influenza virus infection

Miyazawa

2020

Inflamm Regener

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Factors determining the progression of frequently mild or asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection into life-threatening pneumonia remain poorly understood. Viral and host factors involved in the development of diffuse alveolar damage have been extensively studied in influenza virus infection. Influenza is a self-limited upper respiratory tract infection that causes acute and severe systemic symptoms and its spread to the lungs is limited by CD4+ T-cell responses. A vicious cycle of CCL2- and CXCL2-mediated inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil infiltration and activation and resultant massive production of effector molecules including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand are involved in the pathogenesis of progressive tissue injury. SARS-CoV-2 directly infects alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages and induces foci of pulmonary lesions even in asymptomatic individuals. Mechanisms of tissue injury in SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia share some aspects with influenza virus infection, but IL-1β seems to play more important roles along with CCL2 and impaired type I interferon signaling might be associated with delayed virus clearance and disease severity. Further, data indicate that preexisting memory CD8+ T cells may play important roles in limiting viral spread in the lungs and prevent progression from mild to severe or critical pneumonia. However, it is also possible that T-cell responses are involved in alveolar interstitial inflammation and perhaps endothelial cell injury, the latter of which is characteristic of SARS-CoV-2-induced pathology.

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Section: Clinical Course and Pathology Of Influenza Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia: lessons from influenza virus infection

Miyazawa

2020

Inflamm Regener

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“…Influenza viruses are able to replicate in a variety of primary, diploid, and continuous cell cultures (13), although the susceptibility of most cell lines to influenza virus infection is low. Human influenza viruses preferentially attach to sialic acid (SA) with ␣2,6 galactose (␣2,6 Gal) oligosaccharides (1,24); however, the distribution of these receptors on most mammalian cells has not been determined, and their influence on virus attachment and replication is unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells provide an alternative host cell system for influenza A and B viruses

Govorkova

Murti

Meignier

et al. 1996

J Virol

137

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The preparation of live, attenuated human influenza virus vaccines and of large quantities of inactivated vaccines after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic influenza virus will require an alternative host cell system, because embryonated chicken eggs will likely be insufficient and suboptimal. Preliminary studies indicated that an African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero) is a suitable system for the primary isolation and cultivation of influenza A viruses (E. A. Govorkova, N. V. Kaverin, L. V. Gubareva, B. Meignier, and R. G. Webster, J. Infect. Dis. 172:250-253, 1995). We now demonstrate for the first time that Vero cells are suitable for isolation and productive replication of influenza B viruses and determine the biological and genetic properties of both influenza A and B viruses in Vero cells; additionally, we characterize the receptors on Vero cells compared with those on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Sequence analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin of Vero cell-derived influenza B viruses was identical to that of MDCK-grown counterparts but differed from that of egg-grown viruses at amino acid positions 196 to 198. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that although Vero cells possess predominantly ␣2,3 galactose-linked sialic acid, they are fully susceptible to infection with either human influenza A or B viruses. Moreover, all virus-specific polypeptides were synthesized in the same proportions in Vero cells as in MDCK cells. Electron microscopic and immunofluorescence studies confirmed that infected Vero cells undergo the same morphological changes as do other polarized epithelial cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Vero cell lines could serve as an alternative host system for the cultivation of influenza A and B viruses, providing adequate quantities of either virus to meet the vaccine requirements imposed by an emerging pandemic.

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“…Influenza viruses are able to replicate in a variety of primary, diploid, and continuous cell cultures [8]. Influenza viruses grow optimally in MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Trypsin in The Internalization Process of Influenza H1N1 Virus into Vero and MDCK Cells

Zuhairi¹,

Maharani²,

Tan³

2012

itbj.sci.

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Trypsin is supposed to the influenza virus into host purpose of this study is to determine the role of trypsin process of the influenza H1N1 virus in Vero and MDCK (M Kidney) cells; to see whether trypsin receptor-mediated endocytosis or non viruses were inoculated into Vero and MDCK cells under three conditions: (1) without trypsin in the medium trypsin (VTVi1 and MTVi1) inoculation and incubated with medium containing trypsin (VTVi2 and MTVi2). Advance cytopathic effect HA (hemagglutination) titer cells. Moreover, HA titer on MTVi1 was higher than MVi, and the lowest was found on MTVi2. Trypsin supported the internali the cleavage of HA glycoprotein halt the internalization of with trypsin before virus inoculation. Trypsin could digest protein containing sialic aci Conversely, trypsin did not Vero cells based on HA titer. This result was also supported by TEM observation, which showed that influenza virus is very low. We sugges 2,6)-containing receptor on the membrane of virus internalization. On the other hand, active internalization of the virus was seen in all groups of MDCK cells (MVi, MTVi1, and MTVi2). However, trypsin could not trigger the internali cells via non-receptor-mediated endocytosis. From this study it can be concluded that trypsin enhanced the cleavage of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the virus, but did not improve the ability of the host cells to internalize the virus, especially via non endocytosis.

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Cytopathogenesis and Cytopathology of Influenza Virus Infection of Cells in Culture

Cited by 5 publications

References 89 publications

Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia: lessons from influenza virus infection

Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia: lessons from influenza virus infection

African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells provide an alternative host cell system for influenza A and B viruses

The Role of Trypsin in The Internalization Process of Influenza H1N1 Virus into Vero and MDCK Cells

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