Cytoplasmic Reversion of
            <i>cms-S</i>
            in Maize: Association with a Transpositional Event

Levings, Charles S.; Kim, B. D.; Pring, D. R.; Conde, M. F.; Mans, Rusty J.; Laughnan, John R.; Gabay-Laughnan, S.

doi:10.1126/science.209.4460.1021

Cited by 145 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These TIR sequences also serve as the target sites for homologous recombination between the free linear S plasmids and the main mitochondrial chromosome (Levings et al 1980;Lonsdale et al 1984;Schardl et al 1984). Flanking genomic regions upstream of the integrated TIR sequences have been designated s and c, respectively, and the regions immediately downstream of each repeat have been designated s9 and c9 (Schardl et al 1984; reviewed by Gabay-Laughnan et al 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Thermosensitive Restorer of Fertility for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize

et al. 2009

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S-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-S) in maize is associated with high levels of a 1.6-kb RNA in mitochondria. This RNA contains two chimeric open reading frames (ORFs), orf355 and orf77. The previously described nuclear restorer-of-fertility allele Rf3 causes the processing of all transcripts that contain these chimeric ORFs. The Lancaster Surecrop-derived inbred line A619 carries a restorer that is distinct from Rf3 in that it selectively reduces only the CMS-S-specific 1.6-kb RNA. We have found that 10 additional Lancaster lines carry a single restoring allele traceable to either of two inbred lines, C103 and Oh40B. The C103 and Oh40B restorers are allelic to each other, but not to Rf3. Thus, this restoring allele, designated Rf9, represents a second naturally occurring CMS-S restorer in maize. Rf9 is a less effective restorer of fertility than is Rf3; its expression is influenced by both inbred nuclear background and temperature. Rf9 acts to reduce the amounts of orf355/orf77-containing linear mitochondrial subgenomes, which are generated by recombination of circular subgenomes with CMS-S-specific linear plasmids. The 1.6-kb RNA, which is transcribed only from linear ends, is correspondingly reduced.

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Thermosensitive Restorer of Fertility for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize

et al. 2009

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“…Intervening sequences have been observed in several genes of yeast mtDNA (36). In mtDNA of maize, transposable elements have been found (37). In prokaryotic systems, such elements may exist in many copies within a genome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolution of DNA sequence organization in mitochondrial genomes of Zea

Sederoff¹,

Levings²,

Timothy³

et al. 1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of mtDNA in maize and three species of teosinte have been investigated. By using DNA transfer techniques and cloned fragments of maize mtDNA, changes in the position of homologous sequences in restriction digests were analyzed in related taxa. The resulting patterns indicate general conservation of sequence homology in all four species. One-third of the cloned fragments showed sequences conserved in homology and position of BamHI restriction fragments. Other fragments produced patterns indicating that extensive rearrangement of DNA sequences has taken place. In two cases, hybridization patterns revealed major changes in relative abundance of specific sequences that we believe are related to the molecular heterogeneity phenomenon of maize mtDNA. The evolution of mtDNA in these plants appears dramatically different from that in animal mtDNA, where base substitutions may account for most of the observed changes in restriction patterns.Evolution of higher plants must involve the distinct genomes of the nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion. In the genus Zea, L., both organelle genomes show strict maternal inheritance (1-3) that greatly restricts the sources of variation for evolution provided by sexual cycles and biparental inheritance.In contrast to animal mtDNA, which typically has a size of 10 megadaltons (MDal) per mitochondrial genome, plant mtDNA is far more complex (4-10)-e.g., the maize mitochondrial genome has been estimated to be 320 MDal (8). In addition to larger size, plant mtDNA is characterized by molecular heterogeneity (4-7) observed as classes ofcircular chromosomes that vary in size and relative abundance. To learn about the molecular events that have occurred in the evolution of these unusual DNAs, we have directed our attention to the mtDNAs of maize and its closest relatives, the teosintes.Restriction enzyme digests of organelle DNAs from several races of teosinte have been analyzed previously (9). Groupings based on restriction patterns approximate the biosystematic relationships of the taxa. Perennial teosinte, Z. perennis (Hitch) Reeves and Manglesdorf, is the only tetraploid in the genus (2n = 40). Race Guatemala, Z. luxurians (Durieu and Ascherson) Bird, an annual diploid (2n = 20), is genetically the most distinct from maize. Another annual diploid race, Central Plateau, Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrader) Iltis, has close affinities to maize (11). Hybridization of teosinte and maize accompanied by introgression and differentiation has modified Zea populations to various degrees (11,12). Central Plateau (CP) was selected as representative of many annual teosintes; Guatemala (Gu) and perennial (ZP) teosinte were selected because their mtDNAs are distinct from each other and each differs greatly from maize and other teosintes (9). Although organelle DNA variation within these taxa has been recognized (9), the range of variation is not addressed in this study.Restriction digests fractionated on agarose gels and visualized by fluorescent s...

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“…Reversion was found to be associated with the disappearance of the S1 and S2 episomes (Levings et al, 1980;Laughnan et al, 19811, and with specific changes in the main mtDNA S2 sequences (Schardl et al, 1985). However, the revertants analyzed all arose in the inbred line M825 or in hybrid M825/0h07 nuclear background.…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Cytoplasmic Revertantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles played by mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes in reversion to fertility in S-Type male-sterile maize. Progress report, April 1, 1985--March 31, 1989

Laughnan¹

1995

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THE ROLES PLAYED BY MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND NUCLEAR GENES I N REVERSION TO FERTILITY I N S-TYPE MALE-STERILE MAIZE P e r i o d :C o n t r a c t : P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r : I n s t i t u t i o n :Department: S t a r t i n g Date:. Items: CURRENT CONTRACT A p r i l 1 , 19851 , through March 31, 1990 DE-AC02-81 ER10873 John R. Laughnan U n i v e r s i t y of I l l i n o i s , Urbana, I L P I a n t Biology A p r i l , 1 , 1985 Progress Report 61801 DISCLAIMERThis report was prepared as an accouht of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recornmendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Over the four-year period of the DOE grant, as before, we have continued collaborations with other laboratories where studies related to ours are underway. We have had a long-standing cooperative arrangement with Chris Leaver at the University of Edinburgh. A joint paper with Leaver and others comparing cytoplasmic revertants to fertility from different cms-S sources has recently been published. nonchromosomal stripe (NCS) mutants. NCS mutations are due to mtDNA alterations. We pollinate these mutants when possible and establish NCS strains. We are collaborating with Kathy Newton at the University of Missouri on the analyses of a number of NCS strains. Two papers resulting from these collaborations have recently been submitted for publication.University of Utah on a comparative study of cms-T and cms-P mtDNAs. already has a cms-T WF9 library and map. We have supplied her with seed of cms-P WF9 with which to begin the studies. This laboratory has identified an inbred line which restores cms-P but not cms-T. This summer we will be making F l s of various isogenic cms-T and cms-P strains with this inbred line and Christiane will be studying the basis for the.differentia1 restoration at the DNA and RNA levels.In the course of the work in our nurseries we occasionally come across

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Cytoplasmic Reversion of cms-S in Maize: Association with a Transpositional Event

Cited by 145 publications

References 14 publications

Characterization of a Novel Thermosensitive Restorer of Fertility for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize

Characterization of a Novel Thermosensitive Restorer of Fertility for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize

Evolution of DNA sequence organization in mitochondrial genomes of Zea

The roles played by mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes in reversion to fertility in S-Type male-sterile maize. Progress report, April 1, 1985--March 31, 1989

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