Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of butyl cyclohexyl phthalate

Abstract

Butyl cyclohexyl phthalate (BCP) is frequently used in personal care products, medical and household applications. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate possible cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of BCP using in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of BCP was investigated on mouse fibroblastic cell line (L929 cells) by MTT assay. The result showed that BCP inhibits cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner (IC 50 value = 0.29 lg/mL). For genotoxicity assessment, tested concentrations of BCP demonstrated mutagenic activity in the presence of S9 mix with the Salmonella strain TA100 in the Ames test. Results showed that BCP is a secondary mutagenic substance even in low concentrations. The data obtained from 28-days repeated toxicity tests on mice revealed that BCP caused abnormalities of chromosome number, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, DNA damage, particularly DNA strand breaks, was assessed by Comet assay. The test result shows that BCP seemed to have genotoxic potential at a high level of exposure.

Assessment of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Stress of Dibutyl Phthalate on Cultured Bovine Peripheral Lymphocytes

“…Consequently, MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of DBP concentrations on bovine lymphocytes which showed a significant decrease in cell viability by DBP. Cytotoxic effects of phthalates and their alternatives have been observed already on different cell lines like L929 and kidney cells [ 20 , 21 ]. They conceived that cell death could be attributed due to arrest of cell cycle or depletion in mitochondrial energy that could lead to decreased cell viability with a higher concentration of plasticizer [ 22 ].…”

Ecotoxico Linking of Phthalates and Flame-Retardant Combustion Byproducts with Coral Solar Bleaching

“…Among all coral species, BDE209 had the highest value (mean: 7.11 ng g −1 dw, 1.08% of ∑PBDEs, max: 16.09 in S. compressa), except in P. daedalea, followed by BDE47 (mean: 5. 98 S5A). As shown in tissues, the relative abundance of PAEzooxanthellae congeners was in the order of BBP (mean: 4.18 ng g −1 dw, 2.59%) > DBP (2.84 ng g −1 dw, 1.76%) > DEP (2.28 ng g −1 dw, 1.41%) > DEHP (2.21 ng g −1 dw, 1.37%) (Figure S5B).…”

Butyl octyl phthalate interacts with estrogen receptor α in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells to promote cancer development

“…However, the added phthalate compounds are not directly involved in covalent polymerization, but remain weakly attached to the polymer chains (6). This may cause the leaching of phthalates from the plastic (7,8). Microplastic ingestion may lead to the incorporation of phthalates into marine animals, and subsequently into human beings.…”

“…While BBP has been extensively studied, other phthalate compounds such as butyl cyclohexyl phthalate (BCP) and butyl octyl phthalate (BOP) require further risk assessment. Previous studies have revealed cyto-and genotoxic effects induced by BCP (7,13).…”