Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of glycidyl methacrylate

Genotoxicity Induced by Dental Materials: A Comprehensive Review

“…Since the comet assay detects a whole spectrum of DNA lesions, such as single-and double-strand breaks in DNA, DNA adducts and incomplete repair sites, such findings are biologically important and should be considered when using these materials. Others have demonstrated similar findings using human lymphocytes, gingival fibroblasts, chinese hamster cells, oral cancer cells, murine macrophages and human keratinocytes, and V79 fibroblasts by comet assay and micronucleus test (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). These studies confirm that such materials pose risks of genotoxicity and mutagenicity in eukaryotic cells.…”

“…In vitro studies revealed that methyl methacrylate also induces DNA strand breaks (16). Results obtained from murine macrophages in vitro revealed that BISGMA exhibited genotoxicity in a dose-related fashion as a result of increasing numbers of DNA strand breaks and micronuclei formation (23).…”

Induction of DNA double-strand breaks in primary gingival fibroblasts by exposure to dental resin composites

“…Furthermore, dental resin composites and their leached reactive monomers/co-monomers can induce cytotoxic responses in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) leading to reduced viability, plasma membrane damage, DNA fragmentation, and increased cell death [1,13]. Processes that may induce mutations and cancer, when the compounds reach adequate concentration [14]. Previous in vitro studies estimated that diffusion through the human dentin layer may lead to concentrations of leached monomers/comonomers in the millimolar range, since 1.5-8 mM HEMA levels were noted in dentin [5].…”

NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation

“…Previous own studies have shown that the microsomal degradation of (co)monomers [for example 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)] can lead to the formation of epoxides, like 2,3-epoxymethacrylate, which are considered highly toxic and mutagenic substances [12][13][14][15][16] . In addition, (co)monomers can form ROS during their metabolization, that may be mutagenic and genotoxic [14][15][16][17].…”