Cytotoxicity Assessment of Organotin(IV) (2-Metoxyethyl) Methyldithiocarbamate Compounds in Human Leukemia Cell Lines

Kamaludin, Nurul Farahana; Zakaria, Siti Aishah; Awang, Normah; Mohamad, Rapidah; Pim, Norraphat Uttraphan

doi:10.13005/ojc/330420

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The value of IC 50 produced by the organotin(IV) compounds in their study ranged between 0.4-1.3 µM while doxorubicin caused a cytotoxic effect at 0.1 µM. Another study done by Kamaludin et al [11] showed that organotin(IV) (2-metoxyethyl) methyldithiocarbamate compound was able to produce a potent cytotoxic effect on several human leukemia cell lines. As for the HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cell line, the IC 50 values of compounds that cause cytotoxic effects are in the range of 0.06-0.18 µM, while for the Jurkat E6.1, the range was 0.14-1.30 µM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Organotin compounds are tin (Sn)-based compounds, and have been widely used in industry as components of pesticides, fungicides, bactericides, and as plastic stabilizers [9]. Numerous research has also been conducted to investigate their biological activities, including antitumor properties and mechanisms of action against solid and non-solid cancer cells as part of the development process of new anticancer drugs [10][11][12]. Moreover, different toxicities are displayed depending on the number and nature of functional groups attached to the tin atom [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Series of Organotin(IV) Compounds with Different Dithiocarbamate Ligands Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Jurkat E6.1, T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

et al. 2023

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The discovery of cisplatin has influenced scientists to study the anticancer properties of other metal complexes. Organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds are gaining attention as anticancer agents due to their potent cytotoxic properties on cancer cells. In this study, a series of organotin compounds were assessed for their toxic effects on the Jurkat E6.1 cell line. WST-1 assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the compounds and showed that six out of seven organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic effects toward T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells, Jurkat E6.1 with the concentration of IC50 ranging from 0.67–0.94 µM. The apoptosis assay by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that all tested compounds induced cell death mainly via apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis assessed using RNase/PI staining showed that organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds induced cell cycle arrest at different phases. In conclusion, the tested organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against Jurkat E6.1 cells via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at low IC50 value. However, further studies on the mechanisms of action are required to probe the possible potential of these compounds on leukemia cells before they can be developed into anti-leukemic agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Series of Organotin(IV) Compounds with Different Dithiocarbamate Ligands Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Jurkat E6.1, T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, researchers in the same area stated that this compound has a high potential to be an anticancer agent against cell lines because its IC50 is less than 1 μm. The data can be strengthened by most studies conducted on organotin compounds against various types of tumor cells that proved these compounds are useful as antitumor agents (Amir et al, 2014;Awang et al, 2011;Gleeson et al, 2008;Kamaludin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Novel Triphenyltin (IV) Dithiocarbamate Compounds in Assessing the Cytotoxicity and Mode of Cell Death of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines, CCRF CEM (CCL-119)

Awang¹,

Hasrin²,

Kamaludin³

et al. 2023

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often used to treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). However, the resistance problem of treatment using the current drug in ALL patients has decreased the effectiveness of such therapy. Therefore, a study needs to be conducted to identify the potential of new anticancer agents. Organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate, an organometallic compound, causes toxic effects on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This study examines the cytotoxic effects and mode of cell death of novel organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate compounds of triphenyltin (IV) diisopropyldithiocarbamate (compound 1), triphenyltin (IV) diallyldithiocarbamate (compound 2) and triphenyltin (IV) diethyldithiocarbamate (compound 3) on the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, CCRF CEM (CCL-119). An MTT assay was used for the determination of the cytotoxicity of the compounds by treating cells with compounds 1-3 at the highest concentration of 10 µm for 24 h. The induction of the mode of cell death for compounds 1, 2, and 3 were identified using Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. From the results, all triphenyltin (IV) dithiocarbamate compounds have substantial cytotoxic effects with IC50 values between 0.18-0.20 μm. The chemicals induced apoptosis cell death in CCL-119 cells, based on the determination of cell death mode. However, statistical analysis showed that only apoptotic cell death for treatment with compounds 1-2 is significant compared to negative controls. In conclusion, all these compounds have a high cytotoxicity effect and are able to cause cell death via apoptosis in CCL-119 cells.

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“…Therefore, further studies related to the treatment for ALL need to be conducted to overcome the issue of resistance that occurs in the current treatments. According to Kamaludin et al [4], current treatments can lead to treatment failure and cancer progression. Therefore, there is a need for new drugs that can act as effective chemotherapeutic agents and do not give side-effects on patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

J. Med. Chem. Sci.

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Introduction:A chemotherapeutic agent known as the etoposide is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Over the years, the etoposide usage in treating ALL has yielded positive outcomes. Nevertheless, it has been discovered that a number of ALL patients experience side-effects and are susceptible to cancer cells. Accordingly, drug research for improved chemotherapy becomes necessary. The results of numerous investigations using compounds containing organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate were encouraging. Aim: The objective of this study is to examine the genotoxicity effects on Jurkat E6.1 cells, derivatives of the aforementioned substances were chosen for this investigation. Materials and Methods: The assessment of cell cycle arrest and genotoxic effects on Jurkat E6.1 cell lines was accomplished using the substances triphenyltin (IV) diisopropyldithiocarbamate (C1) and triphenyltin (IV) dialkyldithiocarbamate (C2). The cell cycle arrest was established using cell cycle analysis. The average DNA tail moment score was used to calculate the genotoxic effects of DNA damage. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) was used to conduct both analyses. C1 has an IC50 of 0.1 M, while C2 has an IC50 of 0.2 M. On the other hand, the etoposide, which served as a positive control, has an IC50 of 0.87 M. Results:The research findings demonstrated that after four hours of treatment, both triphenyltin (IV) dithiocarbamate and etoposide compounds prompted cell cycle arrest, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the S phase. Following a four-hour etoposide treatment, the findings of genotoxicity assessment revealed substantial DNA damage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the C1 and C2 treatments revealed a similar level of DNA damage. However, when a statistical analysis of the comet assay results was accomplished, no discernible change (p > 0.05) was observed. Conclusion: In summary, DNA damage and cell cycle trapping were caused by etoposide, C1, and C2 in Jurkat E6.1 cells.

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Cytotoxicity Assessment of Organotin(IV) (2-Metoxyethyl) Methyldithiocarbamate Compounds in Human Leukemia Cell Lines

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Series of Organotin(IV) Compounds with Different Dithiocarbamate Ligands Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Jurkat E6.1, T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Series of Organotin(IV) Compounds with Different Dithiocarbamate Ligands Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Jurkat E6.1, T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Use of Novel Triphenyltin (IV) Dithiocarbamate Compounds in Assessing the Cytotoxicity and Mode of Cell Death of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines, CCRF CEM (CCL-119)

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