Cytotoxicity of 35 dental resin composite monomers/additives in permanent 3T3 and three human primary fibroblast cultures

Abstract

It was the purpose of this investigation to determine the cytotoxic effects (ED50 concentrations) of 35 monomers or additives identified in commercial dental resin composites. Monolayers of permanent 3T3 cells and three primary human fibroblast types derived from oral tissues (gingiva, pulp, and periodontal ligament) were used as test systems. All substances were tested in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 mM. In general, ED50 values varied from 0.06 to > 5 mM. Within the groups of co(monomers), initiators, and cointiators, severe (e.g., Bis-GMA, UDMA, DMBZ, and DMDTA) or moderate (HEMA, BEMA, CQ, DMPT, and DMAPE) cytotoxic effects could be evaluated. Within the group of reaction/decomposition products, only moderate or slight effects were found (ED50: 0.7 to > 5 mM). The inhibitor BHT, the contaminant TPSb, and the photostabilizer HMBP, however, were highly cytotoxic in all cell cultures. In addition, the ED50 values of DBPO and HMBP significantly varied (0.43-3.8 mM, respectively, and 0.44-3.07 mM) with the applied cell culture. Our comprehensive screening shows that for several of the highly cytotoxic composite components, less cytotoxic alternatives are available. Furthermore, there was no cell type identified which was consistently less or more sensitive to the toxic effects of the tested compounds than the others. Primary human periodontal ligament and pulp fibroblasts, however, were found to be more sensitive than 3T3 and gingival fibroblasts to alterations from most tested substances.

NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation

“…2). This effect may be linked to the high molecular weight of Bis-GMA relative to ACR (Table 1), since in dental (co)monomers a direct correlation between increasing molecular weight and the degree of cytotoxicity has been observed 64,65) ( Table 1). HEMA and TEGDMA were up to 110-fold less toxic than Bis-GMA, whereas HEMA was less toxic than TEGDMA, in agreement to former own results 65) .…”

Cytotoxicity of root canal sealers on endothelial cell cultures

“…The first in vitro study using cell cultures to assess dental material cytotoxicity were carried out by Kawahara (8) and, according to most authors (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)9,10), in vitro cell culture tests are part of the most commonly used protocols within the recommended methodologies for assessing dental material biocompatibility and cytotoxicity at different levels of research.…”

“…Among the various recommended methodologies for assessing biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of dental materials at different levels of research, in vitro cell culture tests are part of the initial protocols most widely used by some researchers (3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Reinforcement of flowable dental composites with titanium dioxide nanotubes

“…It is the most commonly used test to evaluate dental material cytotoxicity because it is an easy, fast and inexpensive test [82,90,91]. The MTT assay was described by Mossmann (1983) in order to detect the viability and proliferation of mammalian cells [92].…”