Daily variation of sorbitol and related carbohydrates in <i>Malus</i> leaves

Chong, Calvin; Taper, C. D.

doi:10.1139/b71-029

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Sorbitol is the primary product of photosynthesis (3,5,7), the main translocated form of carbon (17), and a common constituent of fruits in many species of the Rosaceae (14). The synthetic pathway for sorbitol and other polyols in higher plants has not been established.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization and Partial Purification of Aldose-6-phosphate Reductase (Alditol-6-Phosphate:NADP 1-Oxidoreductase) from Apple Leaves

Negm¹,

Loescher²

1981

Plant Physiol.

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Aldose--phosphate reductase (alditol6-phosphate:NADP 1-oxidoreductase) was isolated and characterized from mature apple leaves (Malms domestica cv. Starkrimson). The enzyme was purified 79-fold. The Sorbitol (D-glucitol) is a hexitol, one of several acyclic polyols or sugar alcohols found in higher plants (11). Sorbitol is the primary product of photosynthesis (3, 5, 7), the main translocated form of carbon (17), and a common constituent of fruits in many species of the Rosaceae (14). The synthetic pathway for sorbitol and other polyols in higher plants has not been established. In other organisms, however, the synthesis and/or utilization of polyols is initiated by one of the following reactions (16): (a) oxidation to the ketose; (b) oxidation to the aldose; or (c) phosphorylation to the corresponding polyol phosphate, which then can be converted to either the ketose phosphate (12) a sorbitol dehydrogenase (L-iditol:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.14) from apple callus tissues (13). Since then, we have also detected and purified this enzyme from pear callus tissue, apple and pear seeds, apple seedlings, young leaves, and fruits (unpublished data). In fully expanded apple leaves, however, another sorbitol enzyme was present which oxidized S6P4 and reduced G6P and D-galactose-6-P. A similar enzyme was recently reported in loquat fruit (9). Here, we consider some characteristics of this enzyme, an aldose-6-P reductase (alditol-6-P:NADP I-oxidoreductase), and its occurrence and possible role in carbon metabolism in leaves of apple and several other species in the Rosaceae. MATERIALS AND METHODSChemicals. All chemicals were purchased from Sigma. D-Sorbitol-6-P barium salt was converted to potassium salt before use (18). Affinity support media (Affi-Gel blue, 100-200 mesh) and bovine y-globulin were obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories.Partial Purification of Aldose-6P Reductase. Malus domestica cv. Starkrimson fully expanded leaves on new growth were used for enzyme extraction. Leaves were washed in distilled H20 and petioles and midribs were discarded. Homogenization and all subsequent steps were carried out in a cold room at 2 C. In a typical preparation, 60 g leaves were homogenized in 480 ml 100 mm Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8) containing 1 mm DTT and 24 g insoluble polyvinylpolypyrrolidone. The polyvinylpolypyrrolidone was prewetted with one-half the volume of buffer 1 h prior to homogenization. Homogenization was performed with a Sorval Omni-Mixer for three 10-s bursts at full speed, followed with a Polytron tissue homogenizer for three additional 10-s bursts at full speed. The homogenate was squeezed through a polypropylene cloth and the filtrate was centrifuged at 2,000g for 20 min. The 2,000g supernatant was centrifuged at 25,400g for 30 min and the pellet was discarded. Solid (NH4)2SO4 was added slowly with constant stirring to the 25,400g supernatant of the crude extract to reach 40%o saturation (24.3 g/100 ml). The suspension was stirred slowly for 30 min and centrifuged at 25,400g for 30 min, and the ...

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confidence: 99%

Characterization and Partial Purification of Aldose-6-phosphate Reductase (Alditol-6-Phosphate:NADP 1-Oxidoreductase) from Apple Leaves

Negm¹,

Loescher²

1981

Plant Physiol.

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“…Il existe une corrélation très nette entre la présence de sorbitol et le nombre de chromosomes de base chez les Rosaceae : si n = 7, il n'y a pas de sorbitol dans les feuilles (Wallart, 1980 (Ziegler, 1975 (Moore, 1985). Wallaart (1981) (Plouvier, 1963 (Whetter et Taper, 1966 ;Chong, 1971 ;Bieleski, 1982 (Bieleski et Redgwell, 1980 ;Bieleski, 1982 ;Lewis, 1984b (Bieleski et Redwell, 1985), le pommier (Loescher et al, 1982) et le pêcher (Merlo et Passera, 1991). L'exception à cette règle pourrait être Prinsepia sinensis Oliv où les très jeunes feuilles ont des teneurs en sorbitol très élevées (Wallaart, 1980 (Wallaart, 1981).…”

Section: Distribution Des Alditols Chez Les Végétaux Supérieursunclassified

Distribution, métabolisme et rôle du sorbitol chez les plantes supérieures. Synthèse

Gutiérrez

Gaudillère

1996

Agronomie

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“…The distribution of M6PR is a function of leaf age and plant part [9]. 5. Carbon source and in vitro shoot growth Mannitol and sucrose are found in the phloem sap in the Genus Syringa [36].…”

Section: Carbon Compounds and Their Influence On In Vitro Growth And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Malus, sorbitol is the main translocation substance [17]. Sorbitol has been demonstrated to be an effective carbon source in vitro for apple tissue [5]. Welander et al [33] showed that shoot multiplication in the recalcitrant apple rootstock M9 could be improved by adding sorbitol in the multiplication medium (Table 1 and Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Compounds and Their Influence On In Vitro Growth And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon compounds and their influence on in vitro growth and organogenesis

Welander

Pawlicki

1994

Physiology, Growth and Development of Plants in Culture

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Daily variation of sorbitol and related carbohydrates in Malus leaves

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization and Partial Purification of Aldose-6-phosphate Reductase (Alditol-6-Phosphate:NADP 1-Oxidoreductase) from Apple Leaves

Characterization and Partial Purification of Aldose-6-phosphate Reductase (Alditol-6-Phosphate:NADP 1-Oxidoreductase) from Apple Leaves

Distribution, métabolisme et rôle du sorbitol chez les plantes supérieures. Synthèse

Carbon compounds and their influence on in vitro growth and organogenesis

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