Damage analysis in Fe–Cr–Ni centrifugally cast alloy tubes for reforming furnaces

Bonaccorsi, Lucio; Guglielmino, Eugenio; Pino, R.; Servetto, C.; Sili, A.

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.09.020

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…42,58 More importantly, the maximum outer tube wall temperature for DRM using Zhang's kinetics and Park's kinetics are 940 and 9478C, respectively, which is higher than the suggested maximum outer tube wall temperature of 9008C to enable long tube lifetimes. 62 The higher tube wall temperatures shown in Figure 3A would lead to unacceptably short life times for the reformer tubes. 44,63 For the process gas, the predicted outlet temperatures are 887 and 8968C, respectively, for Zhang's and Park's catalysts, which are also higher than 8358C obtained in Latham's corresponding Plant A SMR simulation.…”

Section: Model Development and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of dry reforming of methane in a conventional downfired reformer

Zhao

Latham²,

Peppley

et al. 2016

AIChE Journal

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A model for industrial top‐fired dry reforming of methane (DRM) and for combined dry reforming and steam reforming of methane was developed for the first time. The model calculates and gives predictions on the temperature profiles for fuel gas, tube walls, and process gas, as well as the process gas composition profiles over the length of the tubes. Radiative heat transfer is modeled by Hottel Zone method. Material and energy balances are solved numerically using Newton‐Raphson solver. Kinetic models for two different DRM catalysts are applied in the model for comparison. Simulation results show that water–gas shift reaction is important in DRM and addition of steam in the feed of process gas is beneficial for industrial production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2060–2071, 2017

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Section: Model Development and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of dry reforming of methane in a conventional downfired reformer

Zhao

Latham²,

Peppley

et al. 2016

AIChE Journal

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“…In the 1970's, HP grades containing 25 wt% of Cr and 35 wt% of Ni were traditionally used for cracking applications [1,2]. The first evolution of this family has been Nb additions to improve creep resistance [3,4], followed by Ti and few other micro-alloying strategies [4]. In order to increase the corrosion resistance, alloys with Cr contents up to 30-35 wt% were developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sulfur and Water Vapor on High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of an Alumina-Forming Austenitic Alloy

et al. 2021

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The oxidation behavior of alumina-forming alloys was studied after oxidation treatments performed at 900°C for 24h in air or in steam. Alloys with sulfur contents ranging from 1 to 82 ppm in wt% were used. The influence of sulfur presence as a trace element as well as the presence of steam in the oxidizing atmosphere were investigated.Under oxidation conditions, higher sulfur contents led to higher mass gains and the trend is more pronounced in steam than in air. Oxides were identified by Raman spectroscopy: a thin and continuous α-Al2O3 layer was formed at the metal-oxide interface in all cases. The mass gain differences were caused by other oxides formed at the surface of the samples -mainly spinel and Cr2O3 -and in the internal oxidation zone too -mainly α-Al2O3 and -Al2O3 -indicating that the protectiveness of the alumina layer greatly depends on the sulfur content in the base material and the oxidizing atmosphere. In order to explain this phenomenon, oxide structures were analyzed at various scales using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Sulfur was detected at metal-oxide interfaces and also in the alumina layer in regions enriched with chromium. Besides, we demonstrate that steam oxidation leads to finer alumina grains as compared to air oxidation. Finally, the relationship between oxidation conditions, nanoscaled structural features and oxidation kinetics are discussed.

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“…Premature failures of reformer tubes are frequently observed and are caused by various mechanisms such as creep, carburization, and thermal shock. Evaluation of creep damage in reformer tubes has been reported by several investigators, either after creep testing [2,4,5], after a certain operational time [6][7][8][9][10], or after premature tube rupture [11,12]. In addition, specific studies of microstructural evolution after long-term aging at high temperatures have been performed [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging Phenomena during In-Service Creep Exposure of Heat-Resistant Steels

Haidemenopoulos

Polychronopoulou

Zervaki

et al. 2019

Metals

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An investigation of aging phenomena during creep exposure has been conducted for HP-Nb cast reformer tubes for several exposure conditions. Aging was manifested by carbide precipitation, carbide coarsening, and carbide transformation. The transformation of primary M7C3 to the more stable M23C6 carbide takes place at high exposure temperature (910 °C and above). The primary MC carbides transform to the Ni-Nb silicide or G-phase during creep exposure. The presence of Ti in the steel prevented the transformation of MC carbides to the G-phase. Morphological changes like needle to globular transitions, rounding of carbide edges, and carbide coarsening take place during creep exposure. The room-temperature tensile elongation and ultimate tensile strength are significantly reduced during creep exposure. The above aging phenomena are precursors to creep damage.

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Damage analysis in Fe–Cr–Ni centrifugally cast alloy tubes for reforming furnaces

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Simulation of dry reforming of methane in a conventional downfired reformer

Simulation of dry reforming of methane in a conventional downfired reformer

Influence of Sulfur and Water Vapor on High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of an Alumina-Forming Austenitic Alloy

Aging Phenomena during In-Service Creep Exposure of Heat-Resistant Steels

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