Damage and casualties modelling as part of a vulnerability assessment for tsunami hazards: a case study from Aceh, Indonesia

Abstract

Vulnerability reduction to tsunamis has become a major issue after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. An ex ante (before the event) evaluation of possible disaster reduction measures requires insight into the potential risks. As part of a study focusing on sea defence measures for Aceh and Nias provinces in Indonesia, we have developed a model that is capable of quantifying potential damages and casualties for tsunami‐prone coastal areas. The model was able to reproduce the damage of 2004 sustained in Banda Aceh quite accurately. Because it is GIS based, the model also shows the spatial distribution of damage. Maps can be prepared that show high‐ and low‐impact areas for various tsunami event scenarios. This information is very useful for cost–benefit analysis of mitigation measures, such as sea defence measures, spatial planning and evacuation procedures.

Flood hazard zoning in Yasooj region, Iran, using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis

“…Flood is considered to be the most common natural disaster worldwide during the past decades, producing many environmental and socio-economic consequences within the affected flood plain (Marchand et al 2009;Taylor et al 2011;Dawod et al 2012;Vorogushyn et al 2012;Heidari 2014;Foudi et al 2015). A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land, and may cause damage to agricultural lands, urban areas, and may even result in loss of lives (Huang et al 2008;Veerbeek & Zevenbergen 2009;Merz et al 2010;Markantonis et al 2013;Hudson et al 2014;Perera et al 2015;Yang et al 2015).…”

Tsunami awareness in Korea, Indonesia, and the United States

“…Although many Indonesian researchers have worked on their own tsunami awareness, a number of international researchers have examined the topic as well. In particular, international researchers have approached the issue through diverse perspectives, which include disaster management, military strategy, nursing, geotechnical engineering, and international aid, among others (Marchand et al ., , pp. 129–130; Chang et al ., , pp.…”

An advanced method for flood risk analysis in river deltas, applied to societal flood fatality risk in the Netherlands

“…from 2-D flood inundation models, but may also be based on indicative maps of the most important flood hazard and flood vulnerability indicators. Examples of deterministic approaches are the quantification of numbers of fatalities given flood hazard information, such as the "deterministic framework for the assessment of injury and loss of life to floods" of Penning-Rowsell et al (2005), the exploratory nation-wide fatality risk assessment in the Netherlands (Jonkman et al, 2008), the analysis for the second sustainability outlook of the Netherlands (Klijn et al, 2012), the long-term flood risk management strategy research for the Scheldt Estuary (De Bruijn et al, 2008) and tsunami risk modelling (Marchand et al, 2009). …”

“…The NWP induced an extensive research programme into flood risk and in particular flood fatality risk in the Netherlands. Fatality risk also attracts increasing attention in flood risk management and research in other countries, such as France (Lalande, 2012), the USA (US Department of the Interior, 2011), the UK (Di Mauro and De Bruijn, 2012), Belgium (IMDC, 2005) and Indonesia (Marchand et al, 2009).…”