Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers

Michaille, L.; Taylor, David M.; Bennett, Charlotte R.; Shepherd, T.J.; Jacobsen, Christian Brix; Hansen, Thorkild B.

doi:10.1117/12.583481

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…5). While PBG fibers are also of interest, we are guided by the published work indicating that, as the core diameter is increased to transmit higher energy, PCFs can (in practice) sustain higher damage threshold than PBG fibers [32]. The periodic hole-silica structure in the PCF (Fig.…”

Section: Photonic Crystal Fiber Testingmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Under these assumptions we compute the FOM for candidate fibers by using representative values for achievable exit intensity and exit divergence angle (fiber NA) from the literature. Table 1 shows the resulting FOM values for multimode solid core fibers [16], coated hollow core fibers [29] PCFs [32], and fiber lasers [33]. We emphasize that the values in Table 1 are initial values for rough assessment and should not be viewed as exhaustive.…”

Section: Optical Requirements For Fiber Delivered Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The output beams for these fibers are approximately single mode giving the potential to deliver high intensity. Recent research has investigated the use of both LMA solid core PCF and hollow core photonic bandgap (PBG) fibers for delivery of high power nanosecond pulses [32,42]. Konorov et al [43] delivered a sequence of picosecond pulses with a total energy in the pulse train of approximately 1 mJ through a hollow core PBF with a core diameter of approximately 14 m [43].…”

Section: Photonic Crystal Fiber Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers for spark delivery and laser ignition in gases

2007

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The fiber-optic delivery of sparks in gases is challenging as the output beam must be refocused to high intensity (approximately 200 GW/cm(2) for nanosecond pulses). Analysis suggests the use of coated hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). We study the effects of launch conditions and bending for 2 m long coated hollow fibers and find an optimum launch f# of approximately 55 allowing spark formation with approximately 98% reliability for bends up to a radius of curvature of 1.5 m in atmospheric pressure air. Spark formation using the output of a pulsed fiber laser is described, and delivery of 0.55 mJ pulses through PCFs is shown.

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Section: Photonic Crystal Fiber Testingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Optical Requirements For Fiber Delivered Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photonic Crystal Fiber Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers for spark delivery and laser ignition in gases

2007

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“…In curvature sensors, two measurands can be used to interrogate the sensor, namely, the phase shift [22] or bending losses [23].…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity curvature sensor based on photonic crystal fiber with three coupled cores

Martins¹,

Marques²,

Jorge³

et al. 2012

Optics Communications

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An intensity curvature sensor using a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) with three coupled cores is proposed. The three cores were aligned and there was an air hole between each two consecutive cores. The fiber had a low air filling fraction, which means that the cores remain coupled in the wavelength region studied. Due to this coupling interference is obtained in the fiber output even if just a single core is illuminated. A configuration using transmission interrogation, which used a section fiber with 0.08 m of PCF as the sensing head, and a configuration using reflection interrogation, which used a section fiber with 0.13 m of PCF as the sensing head, were characterized and compared for curvature sensing. When the fiber is bended along the plane of the cores, one of the lateral cores will be stretched and the other compressed. This changes the coupling between the three cores, changing the optical power intensity. The sensibility of the sensing head was strongly dependent on the direction of bending, having its maximum when the bending direction was along the plane of the cores. A maximum curvature sensitivity of 1.8 dB.m was demonstrated between 0 m and 2.8 m.

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“…2 nd row -Published results for novel coated hollow fibers [14,15]. 3 rd row -Published results for photonic crystal fiber [16]. 4 th row -Published results for fiber laser from reference [17].…”

Section: Figure Of Merit and Analysis Of Fiber Delivery Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Studies of Ignition Process in Large Natural Gas Engines Using Laser Spark Ignition

Yalin¹,

Willson²

2008

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Past research has shown that laser ignition provides a potential means to reduce emissions and improve engine efficiency of gas-fired engines to meet longer-term DOE ARES (Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems) targets. Despite the potential advantages of laser ignition, the technology is not seeing practical or commercial use. A major impediment in this regard has been the "open-path" beam delivery used in much of the past research. This mode of delivery is not considered industrially practical owing to safety factors, as well as susceptibility to vibrations, thermal effects etc. The overall goal of our project has been to develop technologies and approaches for practical laser ignition systems. To this end, we are pursuing fiber optically coupled laser ignition system and multiplexing methods for multiple cylinder engine operation. This report summarizes our progress in this regard. A partial summary of our progress includes: development of a figure of merit to guide fiber selection, identification of hollow-core fibers as a potential means of fiber delivery, demonstration of bench-top sparking through hollow-core fibers, single-cylinder engine operation with fiber delivered laser ignition, demonstration of bench-top multiplexing, dual-cylinder engine operation via multiplexed fiber delivered laser ignition, and sparking with fiber lasers. To the best of our knowledge, each of these accomplishments was a first. 3 List of Tables Executive SummaryPast research has shown that laser ignition is a potential means to reduce emissions and improve engine efficiency of gas-fired engines to meet longer-term DOE ARES (Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems) targets. From a fundamental point of view, the benefits of laser ignition (over conventional ignition) are due to: 1) the freedom to locate the laser spark in the middle of the combustion volume away from electrodes and walls which act as heat sinks; and 2) the higher power density of laser sparks, which lead to faster early flame growth and more robust early flame kernels. Additionally, laser ignition avoids limitations of conventional spark including erosion and dielectric breakdown, both of which become increasingly problematic as engine motored pressures increase. Past laser ignition efforts have generally employed "open-path" beam delivery, which is not considered industrially practical owing to safety factors, as well as susceptibility to vibrations, thermal effects etc. The overall goal of our project has been to develop technologies and approaches for practical laser ignition systems. (The project goal is inconsistent with the title of the project; however, very early in the life of the project the goals and milestones were re-scoped by DOE and the research team.) To enable practical systems we have pursued fiber optically coupled laser ignition systems and multiplexing methods for multiplecylinder engine operation. The approaches are selected in order to be compact, rugged, reliable and with the potential for low-cost. For multi-cylinder operation w...

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Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Use of hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers for spark delivery and laser ignition in gases

Use of hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers for spark delivery and laser ignition in gases

Intensity curvature sensor based on photonic crystal fiber with three coupled cores

Fundamental Studies of Ignition Process in Large Natural Gas Engines Using Laser Spark Ignition

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