“…The remarkable accelerating effect of the microwaves is unlikely to be due to rapid heating alone since non-microwave chlorodehydroxylations carried out at high temperature are of the order of 100 times slower. [4][5][6] It is likely that the known ability of microwaves to excite OH groups especially in such a highly polar environment contributes to the rapid reactions through activation of the alcohol substrates. Larger chain alcohols are less reactive presumably due to the lower solubility of HCl as the alcohols become more hydrophobic.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Early attempts using a (1 mol%) zinc (II) chloride catalyst (160 uC) gave yields in excess of 95% (cetyl-1-chloride, C 16 H 33 Cl) over 20 h with similar yields observed using anhydrous HCl. 4,5 Use of quaternary phosphonium salts as phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) in solventless aqueous systems gave yields of the order of 90% (1-chlorooctane) over 30 h (105 uC). 6 Tundo and co-workers attempted to continue this work in generating continuous flow methods based on these catalysts in gas-liquid PTC systems with some success.…”
“…The remarkable accelerating effect of the microwaves is unlikely to be due to rapid heating alone since non-microwave chlorodehydroxylations carried out at high temperature are of the order of 100 times slower. [4][5][6] It is likely that the known ability of microwaves to excite OH groups especially in such a highly polar environment contributes to the rapid reactions through activation of the alcohol substrates. Larger chain alcohols are less reactive presumably due to the lower solubility of HCl as the alcohols become more hydrophobic.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Early attempts using a (1 mol%) zinc (II) chloride catalyst (160 uC) gave yields in excess of 95% (cetyl-1-chloride, C 16 H 33 Cl) over 20 h with similar yields observed using anhydrous HCl. 4,5 Use of quaternary phosphonium salts as phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) in solventless aqueous systems gave yields of the order of 90% (1-chlorooctane) over 30 h (105 uC). 6 Tundo and co-workers attempted to continue this work in generating continuous flow methods based on these catalysts in gas-liquid PTC systems with some success.…”
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