Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California

McFarland, Forrest S.; Lienkaemper, James J.; Caskey, S. John

doi:10.3133/ofr20091119

Cited by 31 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1, upper inset;Lienkaemper et al, 2014;McFarland et al, 2016). Our Parkfield afterslip observations were made on seven key alignment arrays across the main trace of the SAF, recovered from among the 19 arrays established by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Parkfield region, each selected for site and monument stability and for covering the full fault-zone width ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the San Francisco Bay region faults, most background surface creep rates have already been well established by long-term monitoring on alignment arrays , with annual surveys done on all other major (slip rate > 2 mm=yr) faults (McFarland et al, 2016). Continuous monitoring of fault creep in this region occurs only along the Hayward fault on five creepmeters (Bilham et al, 2004).…”

Section: Preparing For the Next Eventmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These instruments are designed to record up to 2.2 m of accumulated coseismic and postseismic slip (Bilham et al, 2016). More than 30 alignment arrays are surveyed annually on the Hayward fault McFarland et al, 2016). Observations on these arrays and creepmeters could provide the basis of detailed afterslip forecasts following future large earthquakes along the Hayward fault and at lower density of coverage on the other urban fault zones in the SAF system.…”

Section: Preparing For the Next Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐Term Afterslip of the 2004M 6.0 Parkfield, California, Earthquake—Implications for Forecasting Amount and Duration of Afterslip on Other Major Creeping Faults

Lienkaemper

McFarland

2017

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We present the longest record of surface afterslip on a continental strikeslip fault for the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake, from which we can derive critical information about the duration and predictability of afterslip relevant to urban displacement hazard applications. Surface slip associated with this event occurred entirely postseismically along the interseismically creeping (0:6-1:5 cm=yr)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparing For the Next Eventmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Preparing For the Next Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐Term Afterslip of the 2004M 6.0 Parkfield, California, Earthquake—Implications for Forecasting Amount and Duration of Afterslip on Other Major Creeping Faults

Lienkaemper

McFarland

2017

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…SSE были также идентифицированы на некоторых участках разлома San-Andreas [Langbein et al, 1990;, а также на разломах Hayward [Lienkaemper et al, 1997], Superstition Hills [Wei et al, 2009] и Calaveras [McFarland et al, 2009]. Предполагается, что в этих сдвиговых разломных зонах явления мед-ленного скольжения также происходят на границе ста-бильных и нестабильных участков (рис.…”

Section: от крипа до землетрясения -виды реализации энергии запасеннunclassified

Slow slip events: parameters, conditions of occurrence, and future research prospects

Грантович¹,

Борисовна²,

Александрович³

et al. 2014

Geodyn. Tectonophys.

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Slow slip events along faults and fractures are reviewed. Such inter-block displacements can be recorded at various scale levels and considered as transitional from quasi-stable (creep) to dynamic slip (earthquake). Such events include seismogenic slip along faults at velocities by one to three orders lower than those in case of 'normal' earthquakes, as well as aseismic slip cases. Discovering such events facilitates better understanding of how energy accumulated during deformation of the crust is released.Studying conditions and the evolution of transitional regimes can provide new important information on the structure and regularities of deformation in fault zones.Data from latest publications by different authors are consolidated, and the data analysis results are presented. Over 170 slow slip events are reviewed. Based on the consolidated data and modelling results obtained by the authors, relationships between parameters of the reviewed process are established, scale relations between the events are considered, and a firstapproximation analysis is conducted for impacts of geomaterial characteristics on various deformation regimes.Low-frequency earthquake foci and slow slip sites are most typically located in zones of transition from stable creep areas to seismogenic segments of the discontinuity (Fig. 3) It can be logically supposed that in such transitional zones, the interface has specific frictional properties providing for a regime that can be termed as 'conditionally stable slip'.The duration of slow deformation events is roughly proportional to the released seismic moment, while such a ratio is close to self-similarity in case of 'normal' earthquakes (Fig. 4). In case of slow slip, an area of the displaced section is larger by many factors than the corresponding value for an earthquake with the same seismic moment, while an average displacement amplitude along the fault is significantly smaller (Figures 5 and 6). Velocities of slip propagation along the fault strike are variable from a few hundred metres to 20-30 km/day. Slip velocities tend to decrease with scale (Fig. 7).Various slip modes were realized in laboratory experiments with slider model. Main specific features of slow slip along faults were simulated in the laboratory conditions. Possibilities for implementation of different deformation regimes were mainly determined by structure of simulated fault gouge. At equal Coulombic strength, small variations of structural characteristics, such as granulometric composition, grain shape, presence of fluid and its viscosity, may critically impact the deformation mode (Fig. 12).As evidenced by the data consolidated and analysed in this article, conditionally stable regimes of deformation of crustal discontinuities are a common phenomenon. Studies of such transitional deformation regimes seem promising for establishment of regularities in generation and evolution of dynamic events, such earthquakes, tectonic rock bursts, and slope events.

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“…In the present study we refine the method for generating the slip distribution in the kinematic rupture models in order to explicitly include observational constraints on coseismic slip associated with surface rupture and generate a sufficient number of models using a Monte Carlo approach to sample the range of viable models. We apply this methodology to create probabilistic estimates of the coseismic slip and afterslip at alinement array sites HTEM, H73A, and HAPP (McFarland et al, 2009) along the Hayward fault ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Estimates of Surface Coseismic Slip and Afterslip for Hayward Fault Earthquakes

Aagaard

Lienkaemper

Schwartz

2012

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We examine the partition of long-term geologic slip on the Hayward fault into interseismic creep, coseismic slip, and afterslip. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compute expected coseismic slip and afterslip at three alinement array sites for Hayward fault earthquakes with nominal moment magnitudes ranging from about 6.5 to 7.1. We consider how interseismic creep might affect the coseismic slip distribution as well as the variability in locations of large and small slip patches and the magnitude of an earthquake for a given rupture area. We calibrate the estimates to be consistent with the ratio of interseismic creep rate at the alinement array sites to the geologic slip rate for the Hayward fault. We find that the coseismic slip at the surface is expected to comprise only a small fraction of the long-term geologic slip. The median values of coseismic slip are less than 0.2 m in nearly all cases as a result of the influence of interseismic creep and afterslip. However, afterslip makes a substantial contribution to the long-term geologic slip and may be responsible for up to 0.5-1.5 m (median plus one standard deviation [S.D.]) of additional slip following an earthquake rupture. Thus, utility and transportation infrastructure could be severely impacted by afterslip in the hours and days following a large earthquake on the Hayward fault that generated little coseismic slip. Inherent spatial variability in earthquake slip combined with the uncertainty in how interseismic creep affects coseismic slip results in large uncertainties in these slip estimates.

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Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Long‐Term Afterslip of the 2004M 6.0 Parkfield, California, Earthquake—Implications for Forecasting Amount and Duration of Afterslip on Other Major Creeping Faults

Long‐Term Afterslip of the 2004M 6.0 Parkfield, California, Earthquake—Implications for Forecasting Amount and Duration of Afterslip on Other Major Creeping Faults

Slow slip events: parameters, conditions of occurrence, and future research prospects

Probabilistic Estimates of Surface Coseismic Slip and Afterslip for Hayward Fault Earthquakes

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