Data hiding methods based upon DNA sequences

Shiu, Hung-Jr; Ng, Ka-Lok; Fang, Jwei Fei; Lee, R. C. T.; Huang, Chien-Hung

doi:10.1016/j.ins.2010.01.030

Cited by 164 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thus, they did not recommend integrating a watermark sequence into a noncoding regulatory sequence. Therefore, noncoding DNA in nonliving organisms or primitive organisms, such as bacteria, is suitable for DNA storage [1][2][3], DNA steganography [4][5][6], reversible DNA data hiding [17][18][19][20][30][31][32], or fragile DNA watermarking requiring high data capacity.…”

Section: Requirements Of Reversible Data Hiding In Dna Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other methods [30][31][32][33] use substitution by the complementary rule of base pairs with a reference DNA sequence. Although these methods cannot change the length of a DNA sequence, they can introduce false start codons [19,20,[30][31][32][33], require a reference sequence to detect and recover nonblind sequences, [31][32][33], or have extremely low watermark capacity [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversible Data Hiding for DNA Sequence Using Multilevel Histogram Shifting

Lee

2018

Security and Communication Networks

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A large number of studies have examined DNA storage to achieve information hiding in DNA sequences with DNA computing technology. However, most data hiding methods are irreversible in that the original DNA sequence cannot be recovered from the watermarked DNA sequence. This study presents reversible data hiding methods based on multilevel histogram shifting to prevent biological mutations, preserve sequence length, increase watermark capacity, and facilitate blind detection/recovery. The main features of our method are as follows. First, we encode a sequence of nucleotide bases with four-character symbols into integer values using the numeric order. Second, we embed multiple bits in each integer value by multilevel histogram shifting of noncircular type (NHS) and circular type (CHS). Third, we prevent the generation of false start/stop codons by verifying whether a start/stop codon is included in an integer value or between adjacent integer values. The results of our experiments confirmed that the NHSand CHS-based methods have higher watermark capacities than conventional methods in terms of supplementary data used for decoding. Moreover, unlike conventional methods, our methods do not generate false start/stop codons.

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Section: Requirements Of Reversible Data Hiding In Dna Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Data Hiding for DNA Sequence Using Multilevel Histogram Shifting

Lee

2018

Security and Communication Networks

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“…In 2010, H.Shiu et~al proposed three data hiding schemes based on DNA sequence named as : the insertion method, the complementary base-pair method and the substitution method. The most significant one was the substitution method, yet its hiding capacity is not efficient enough [10]. In 2012, A.Khalifa proposed a steganography technique, where data is encrypted using DNA-based playfair cipher, then it's hidden into a real DNA sequence using a modified substitution technique to increase its hiding capacity.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing DNA Strands for Secured Data-Hiding with High Capacity

Marwan

Shaikh²,

Nagaty³

2017

Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol.

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Abstract-There are continuous threats to network technologies due to its rapidly-changing nature, which raises the demand for data-safe transmission. As a result, the need to come up with new techniques for securing data and accommodating the growing quantities of information is crucial. From nature to science, the idea that genes themselves are made of information stimulated the research in molecular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is capable of storing huge amounts of data, which leads to its promising effect in steganography. DNA steganography is the art of using DNA as an information carrier which achieves high data storage capacity as well as high security level. Currently, DNA steganography techniques utilize the properties of only one DNA strand, since the other strand is completely dependent on the first one. This paper presents a DNA-based steganography technique that hides data into both DNA strands with respect to the dependency between the two strands. In the proposed technique, a key of the same length of the reference DNA sequence is generated after using the second DNA strand. The sender sends both the encrypted DNA message and its reference DNA sequence together into a microdot. If the recipient receives this microdot uncontaminated, the sender can safely send the generated key afterwards. The proposed technique doubles the amount of data stored and guarantees a secure transmission process as well, for even if the attacker suspects the first-sent DNA sequence, they will never receive the key, and hence full data extraction is nearly impossible. The conducted experimental study confirms the effectiveness of the proposed.

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“…Two types of the selected s are used. In recent years, many steganography were proposed with considering the cracking probability [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] under a brute force guessing. The threating mode evaluated here is based on the intruders knowing algorithms but without the order R. In practice, R is a private key and it should be transmitted via a secure channel.…”

Section: Performances Under Other Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Capacity Data-Hiding Scheme on Synthesized Pitches Using Amplitude Enhancement—A New Vision of Non-Blind Audio Steganography

et al. 2017

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This work proposes a new and non-blind steganographic scheme for synthesized pitches. Synthesized music is popularly used to demonstrate early versions of compositions conveniently and at low-cost. They can also be utilized to pass secrets or obtain digital rights. The method consists of two procedures, of which the first is the realistic simulation of synthesized pitches using a computer and the second is the hiding of secrets during the generated simulated pitches. The first part of this paper reviews attempts to discover the fundamental patterns of synthesized pitches and to develop a strategy for generating approximate pitches using a computer. The component frequencies are used to generate a pitch in which to hide secrets. Legal receivers receive the referenced composition and frequencies, enabling them to generate the synthesized pitches according to the main frequencies of the referenced composition. Finally, the generated and received pitches are compared to identify the secret bits. As more frequencies are used to hide secret bits, more secret bits can be embedded in the synthesized pitches. The use of more frequencies makes synthesized pitches more realistic compared to real ones. The performance of the proposed method is also compared with that of competing methods and under common attacks.

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Data hiding methods based upon DNA sequences

Cited by 164 publications

References 15 publications

Reversible Data Hiding for DNA Sequence Using Multilevel Histogram Shifting

Reversible Data Hiding for DNA Sequence Using Multilevel Histogram Shifting

Utilizing DNA Strands for Secured Data-Hiding with High Capacity

High-Capacity Data-Hiding Scheme on Synthesized Pitches Using Amplitude Enhancement—A New Vision of Non-Blind Audio Steganography

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