Dating the 1700 Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories

Ludwin, R.S.; Dennis, Robert H.; Carver, Deborah A.; McMillan, Alan D.; Losey, Robert J.; Clague, John J.; Jonientz-Trisler, Chris; Bowechop, Janine; Wray, Jacilee; James, Karen

doi:10.1785/gssrl.76.2.140

Cited by 115 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…2, right). This is consistent with First Nations oral traditions attributed to the 1700 Cascadia earthquake (LUDWIN et al 2005) that indicate damaging shaking on southern Vancouver Island-''It was so severe it… threw down their houses and brought great masses of rock down from the mountains. One village was completely buried…'' (HILL-TOUT 1978).…”

Section: Extent and Strength Of Earthquake Shakingsupporting

confidence: 82%

The 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami: Lessons Learned in Subduction Zone Science and Emergency Management for the Cascadia Subduction Zone

Cassidy

2015

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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The 26 December 2004, Mw 9.3 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami was a pivotal turning point in our awareness of the dangers posed by subduction zone earthquakes and tsunamis. This earthquake was the world's largest in 40 years, and it produced the world's deadliest tsunami. This earthquake ruptured a subduction zone that has many similarities to the Cascadia Subduction Zone. In this article, I summarize lessons learned from this tragedy, and make comparisons with potential rupture characteristics, slip distribution, deformation patterns, and aftershock patterns for Cascadia using theoretical modeling and interseismic observations. Both subduction zones are approximately 1,100-1,300 km in length. Both have similar convergence rates and represent oblique subduction. Slip along the subduction fault during the 26 December earthquake is estimated at 15-25 m, similar to values estimated for Cascadia. The width of the rupture, *80-150 km estimated from modeling seismic and geodetic data, is similar to the width of the ''locked and transition zone'' estimated for Cascadia. Coseismic subsidence of up to 2 m along the Sumatra coast is also similar to that predicted for parts of northern Cascadia, based on paleoseismic evidence. In addition to scientific lessons learned, the 2004 tsunami provided many critical lessons for emergency management and preparedness. As a result of that tragedy, a number of preparedness initiatives are now underway to promote awareness of earthquake and tsunami hazards along the west coast of North America, and plans are underway to develop prototype tsunami and earthquake warning systems along Cascadia. Lessons learned from the great Sumatra earthquake and tsunami tragedy, both through scientific studies and through public education initiatives, will help to reduce losses during future earthquakes in Cascadia and other subduction zones of the world.

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Section: Extent and Strength Of Earthquake Shakingsupporting

confidence: 82%

The 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami: Lessons Learned in Subduction Zone Science and Emergency Management for the Cascadia Subduction Zone

Cassidy

2015

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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“…Accordingly, Vitaliano (1973) argued that such insights provide invaluable information about extreme environmental disturbances in the pre-written past. A series of scientific contributions have since emerged from the Pacific Northwest coast of North America detailing "Indian myths" and the transmission of knowledge about great sea level disturbances (Heaton and Snavely, 1985;Clague, 1995;McMillan, 1997, 2002;Ludwin et al, 2005;Ludwin and Smits, 2007;Thrush and Ludwin, 2007;Vitaliano, 2007). Heaton and Snavely (1985) and Clague (1995) concluded that many details within indigenous oral histories are consistent with tsunami inundation processes (e.g.…”

Section: Indigenous Oral Histories and Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also made explicit that such histories may have other independent meanings. Advancing this scholarship, Ludwin et al (2005) considered 40 stories from 32 independent sources about coastal earthquakes and marine flooding, and with help from Japanese historical records they determined that the most recent large-scale event captured in multiple stories along the Cascadia coast occurred on 26 January 1700. Importantly, Thrush and Ludwin (2007) recognised not only that Native American and First Nations oral histories include rich and explicit accounts of seismic events but also that scientific inquiry is grounded in the historical relationships between indigenous and settler societies, and that this has resulted in the privileging and production of certain kinds of knowledge about the region's seismic past.…”

Section: Indigenous Oral Histories and Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

Māori oral histories and the impact of tsunamis in Aotearoa-New Zealand

King

Shaw

Meihana

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Māori oral histories from the northern South Island of Aotearoa-New Zealand provide details of ancestral experience with tsunami(s) on, and surrounding, Rangitoto (D'Urville Island). Applying an inductive-based methodology informed by "collaborative storytelling", exchanges with key informants from the Māori kin groups of Ngāti Koata and Ngāti Kuia reveal that a "folk tale", published in 1907, could be compared to and combined with active oral histories to provide insights into past catastrophic saltwater inundations. Such histories reference multiple layers of experience and meaning, from memorials to ancestral figures and their accomplishments to claims about place, authority and knowledge. Members of Ngāti Koata and Ngāti Kuia, who permitted us to record some of their histories, share the view that there are multiple benefits to be gained by learning from differences in knowledge, practice and belief. This work adds to scientific as well as Maōri understandings about tsunami hazards (and histories). It also demonstrates that to engage with Māori oral histories (and the people who genealogically link to such stories) requires close attention to a politics of representation, in both past recordings and current ways of retelling, as well as sensitivities to the production of "new" and "plural" knowledges. This paper makes these narratives available to a new audience, including those families who no longer have access to them, and recites these in ways that might encourage plural knowledge development and coexistence. Whakarāpopototanga. Ko ngā kōrero tukuā-waha Māori oTe Tauihu o te Waka a Māui e whakaahua nei i ngā wheako o ngā tūpuna ki te/ngā taiāniwhaniwha ki runga i te motu o Rangitoto, ki tōna takiwā anō hoki. Mā te whai i tētahi pūnaha, ko tōna tūāpapa ko ngā tirohanga ki te hapori,ā, he mea tohutohu hoki e 'te tuku kōreroā-kāhui', i mārama ai iētahi whakawhitinga kōrero kiētahi māngai matua o ngā iwi Māori o Ngāti Koata me Ngāti Kuia, tērā tētahi 'pūrākau' i tāngia i te tau 1907, ka taea tōna whakataurite me tōna whakakotahi atu kiētahi kōrero tukuā-waha e ora tonu nei, kia whai tirohanga ai kiētahi aituā parawhenua waitai nui o nehe. Koēnei momo kōrero tuku he whai wheako maha, he whai tikanga maha anō hoki, mai i te whakamaumahara ī etahi tūpuna o nehe me ngā mahi i oti i a rātou, tae atu ki ngā kōrero mō te rohe, mō te mana, mō te mātauranga anō. Ko tā ngā mema o Ngāti Koata me Ngāti Kuia i tuku kia hopukinaētahi oā rātou kōrero tuku e whakaae nei, he hua nui ka puta i te whai māramatanga ki ngā rerekētangaā-mātauranga, a-tikanga,ā-whakapono anō. Ka whakawhānui tēnei mahi i ngā māramatangaā-pūtaiao, otirā, i ngā māramatanga o te Māori ki ngā pūmate o te taiāniwhaniwha (me ngā kōrero tuku anō). He mea whakatauira anō e tēnei, e whai kiko ai te whai wāhi atu ki ngā kōrero tukuā-waha Māori (me te iwi e honoā-whakapapa ana ki ngā kōrero), me aro pū ki te taha tōrangapū o te tū hei māngai mō tangata kē, ki ngā hopukanga kōrero o mua, ki ngā ara tuku kōrero anō o nāianei,ā, me aro pū hoki ki ngā k...

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“…For example, coseismic deformation along the U.S. Pacifi c Northwest coast produced the 1700 Cascadia tsunami that was observed by residents of Japan [Atwater et al, 2005]. In North America, it was observed by native peoples, as evidenced by oral histories [Ludwin et al, 2005], and was also recorded geologically as sand sheets beside bays and river mouths and alternating layers of sand and mud beside muddy bays [Atwater et al, 2005]. Typical tsunami deposits can be distinguished from storm and other depositional environments by several features, including landward thinning, extensive sand sheets, normal grading, and abrupt contacts with the material below.…”

Section: Tsunami Databases At Ngdcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2009

EoS Transactions

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Dating the 1700 Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories

Cited by 115 publications

References 27 publications

The 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami: Lessons Learned in Subduction Zone Science and Emergency Management for the Cascadia Subduction Zone

The 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami: Lessons Learned in Subduction Zone Science and Emergency Management for the Cascadia Subduction Zone

Māori oral histories and the impact of tsunamis in Aotearoa-New Zealand

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