Daya Saing Ekspor Teh Indonesia di Pasar Teh Dunia

Abstract

The purposes of this study was to analyze competitive position of Indonesian tea in the world market using Constant Market Share (CMS) approach. The result show that export growth of Indonesian tea was lower than world tea export growth due to (1) product composition problem; (2) distribution aspect problem; and (3) low competitiveness of Indonesian tea. To increase the growth of Indonesian tea export, exporters should increase tea export in form of down-stream products as well as bulk green tea. Competitive position of Indonesian tea is lower than that other tea producing countries, except Bangladesh. Key words: Indonesia, tea, export, competitiveness ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi daya saing teh Indonesia di pasar teh dunia dengan menggunakan pendekatan Constant Market Share (CMS). Data statistik menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekspor teh Indonesia jauh di bawah pertumbuhan ekspor teh dunia. Masalah tersebut disebabkan karena (1) komposisi produk teh yang diekspor Indonesia kurang mengikuti kebutuhan pasar; (2) negaranegara tujuan ekspor teh Indonesia kurang ditujukan ke negara-negara pengimpor teh yang memiliki pertumbuhan impor teh tinggi; dan (3) daya saing teh Indonesia di pasar teh dunia yang masih lemah. Dalam rangka meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekspor teh Indonesia, diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan komposisi produk teh melalui peningkatan ekspor teh Indonesia dalam bentuk produk-produk hilir dan teh hijau curah. Selain itu, diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan pengaruh distribusi pasar. Pada aspek daya saing, posisi daya saing teh Indonesia lebih lemah dibandingkan negara-negara produsen teh lainnya, kecuali Bangladesh.

Comparison of Competitiveness for Crop Estate Commodities in ASEAN and European Markets: Constant Market Share Approach

“…At the same time, the dynamics of Indonesian trade to ASEAN and European markets will be analyzed using Constants Market Share (CMS) apporach. Suprihatini (2005) states that CMS analysis can be used to discover the diversity of export of certain country relatively to the competitor. Besides, the analysis is also useful to study the ability of exporting country in managing the perfomance of export to the entire targeting markets in certain period of time through a set of statistical indicators.…”

“…(3) the product competitiveness of Indonesian plantation in the world market was still weak shown by the effect of competitiveness with negative value; and (4) there was global economical crisis which influenced the large number of requests of plantation products from Indonesia in importing countries (Ermawati & Saptia, 2013;Suprihatini, 2005). The negative development of export performance gave implication that the competitiveness of export products was the important thing that had to be studied by the exporting countries as one of the success keys in developing export products and increasing export performance in the free trade era right now.…”

Faktor Determinan Preferensi dan Perilaku Konsumsi Teh Hitam dan Hijau

“…Pasar teh dalam negeri hanya menyerap 40% produksi teh nasional dan sisanya masih diekspor ke negara lain, hal ini mengindikasikan petani teh Indonesia masih berorientasi ekspor (Solihat, 2015) dan sebagian volume ekspor teh Indonesia masih dalam bentuk curah (bulk) (Suprihatini, 2005). Teh hitam merupakan teh yang paling banyak diproduksi, yaitu sekitar 78%, diikuti teh hijau 20% kemudian sisanya adalah teh oolong dan teh putih (Rohdiana, 2015).…”

Competitiveness of Indonesian Tea in International Market

“…18.28% and 81.72% of green tea and black tea respectively. Indonesian tea export performance is influenced by several factors, among others, demand and supply of tea in the international market, types and quality of tea, world tea prices, and trade barriers from the export destinations (Suprihatini, 2005;Kustanti and Widiyanti, 2007). Based on UNCOMTRADE (2015), the annual average price of tea in Indonesia from 2003 to 2012 continued to increase.…”

“…Competitive advantage in tea can be met if its quality and consistency are guaranteed. Besides, the necessary policies and regulations that support the government in the development of tea in Indonesia are required (Suprihatini, 2005;Nurunisa and Baga, 2012;Arifin, 2013). …”