DDT (dicloro difenil tricloroetano): toxicidade e contaminação ambiental &lt;FONT FACE=Symbol&gt;-&lt;/FONT&gt; uma revisão

D'Amato, Claudio; Torres, João Paulo Machado; Malm, Olaf

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422002000600017

Cited by 97 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Os valores de concentração dos pesticidas nas amostras variaram entre 1,9-153 ng L , comprovando que é o metabólito mais estável. 18 O heptacloro sofre epoxidação tornando-se o heptacloro epóxido, pertencentes à classe toxicológica II, altamente tóxicos, apresentando uma longa persistência no ambiente. 19 O heptacloro epóxido, a exemplo de seu precursor, apresentou valores inferiores (2,87 ng L .…”

Section: Análises De Amostras Reaisunclassified

Análise de pesticidas organoclorados em água usando a microextração em fase sólida por headspace com cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas

Prates¹,

Gebara²,

Ré-Poppi³

2011

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 2/9/10; aceito em 16/2/11; publicado na web em 15/4/11 ANALYSIS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN WATER USING HEADSPACE SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. A method based on headspace -solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography -mass spectrometry was validated for the quantitative determination of 18 organochlorine pesticides in water. For the extraction conditioning some parameters as the best type of coating fiber, time and temperature of extraction, pH and ionic strength were evaluated. The method HS-SPME/GC-MS/MS showed linear coefficient above 0.9948. The repeatability of the measurements were lower than 7.6%. Relative recoveries were between 88 and 110%. Limits of detection from 0.5 x 10 -3 to 1.0 mg L -1 were obtained. A total of 31 samples were analyzed and 16 presented from 1 to 5 pesticides.Keywords: organochlorine pesticides; HS-SPME/GC-MS/MS. INTRODUÇÃOO setor agrícola vem se esforçando a cada ano para aumentar a produção de alimentos, tanto para o mercado interno quanto para o externo. Porém, por falta de informação ou pelo interesse único no lucro, a produção agrícola contribuiu de forma efetiva para a contaminação das águas, tanto em nível superficial quanto subterrâneo. No distrito de Culturama, localizado na cidade de Fátima do Sul, as culturas temporárias (cana-de-açúcar, soja, mandioca, arroz, feijão e tomate) são predominantes e um grande número de inseticidas e acaricidas são aplicados.3 O uso de pesticidas adquiridos de forma ilegal de países vizinhos (Paraguai e Uruguai) tem sido reportado pela imprensa brasileira, principalmente em alguns estados da Federação, como Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul, devido à proximidade com estes países. Os pesticidas podem ser adquiridos no Paraguai pagando-se até dez vezes menos o valor praticado no Brasil. 4 Pelo fato destes produtos não passarem por um controle de qualidade, não se sabe exatamente a sua composição química e, consequentemente, a concentração que está sendo aplicada, elevando o risco à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. O Ministério da Agricultura e a Polícia Federal têm intensificado ações para detectar, penalizar e coibir tais práticas.Os organoclorados são compostos sintéticos de cadeia cíclica com baixa massa molecular e pouco solúveis em água e solúveis em solventes orgânicos, o que os torna mais tóxicos e de apreciável absorção cutânea.5 Além da via dérmica, são também absorvidos por via digestiva e respiratória. Devido à grande lipossubilidade e à lenta metabolização, esses compostos se acumulam na cadeia alimentar e no tecido adiposo. A eliminação se faz pela urina e também pelo leite materno.6 Por essas características, os pesticidas organoclorados têm sido progressivamente restringidos ou mesmo proibidos. As primeiras restrições feitas ao seu uso foram ainda na década de 60. O hexaclorobenzeno (HCB) teve sua comercialização proibida em 1983 e neste ano a ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária) divulgou que o endosulfan, por ser considerado ...

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Section: Análises De Amostras Reaisunclassified

Análise de pesticidas organoclorados em água usando a microextração em fase sólida por headspace com cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas

Prates¹,

Gebara²,

Ré-Poppi³

2011

Quím. Nova

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“…According to the international literature 17,18,19,20,21,22 , the principal non-carcinogenic effects of these compounds are observed in the liver and central nervous and reproductive systems. A study on seven families in Cidade dos Meninos 23 showed liver enzyme alterations, but the clinical history and laboratory tests did not rule out interference by other factors (like consumption of alcohol and other drugs) in these results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of human health risk from organochlorine pesticide residues in Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2008

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This article presents the results of a heath risk assessment in Cidade dos Meninos, an area contaminated with organochlorine pesticide residues located in the county (municipality) of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) risk assessment methodology was applied. The following organochlorine compounds exceeded the established limits and were considered target pollutants: HCH and its isomers (in eggs, milk, and soil); DDT and its metabolites; trichlorobenzenes; trichlorophenols; dioxins and furans (eggs and soil). For all the substances studied (with the exception of trichlorophenols), the estimated doses exceeded the minimum risk levels for chronically exposed children and adults. According to the ATSDR classification, the area was considered an "urgent public health hazard" because of its high and serious exposure to substances that are dangerous to human health.

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“…The second metabolic route is transformation into the saturated compound DDD, through the substitution of a hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom and continuing metabolism through a series of intermediate compounds until DDA [bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid], which is water-soluble and excreted in the bile, feces, and urine 5,8 . Another metabolic route, unlike that with p,p'-DDE as the intermediate route, results in DDA excreted in the urine.…”

Section: Ddt Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We currently have a considerable body of knowledge on the multiple toxic effects of DDT 8 . Particularly in the last 15 years, great attention has focused on this insecticide's possible estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects and how such interference with the endocrine system's homeostasis represents a mechanism of action that explains part of the compound's toxic effects 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They base their argument on a cost-benefit discourse, given the high mortality rates from vector-borne diseases like malaria and yellow fever. A recent article 8 reviewed the main characteristics of this organochlorine and some aspects of its use in leishmaniasis and malaria vector control. Considering the compound's description and one of the possible groups of outcomes in humans, namely its endocrine-modulating and reproductive effects, the current article has the following objective: to review the main toxic effects of DDT related to the reproductive system's biochemical and physiological mechanisms, according to the specific period of life in which the individual is exposed; based on the magnitude of these effects, to discuss the cost-benefit relationship involved in the possible reintroduction of DDT with specifically defined vector control criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public health

2007

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DDT is a persistent insecticide that was widely used in the world from the 1940s until the 70s, when it was banned in the United States and other countries. Most of its toxic effects are not observed in the acute forms, but particularly after chronic exposure. These long-term issues include reproductive effects, varying according to the time of life in which the individuals were exposed. The aims of the current study were to review the principal toxicological effects of DDT on reproduction, stratifying by physiological periods of exposure, and based on the magnitude of these effects, to discuss the cost-benefit relationship of reintroducing DDT with the specifically defined vector control criteria.

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DDT (dicloro difenil tricloroetano): toxicidade e contaminação ambiental <FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT> uma revisão

Cited by 97 publications

References 34 publications

Análise de pesticidas organoclorados em água usando a microextração em fase sólida por headspace com cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas

Análise de pesticidas organoclorados em água usando a microextração em fase sólida por headspace com cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas

Assessment of human health risk from organochlorine pesticide residues in Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public health

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