De novo synthesis of fatty acids in the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis

Lubzens, Esther; Marko, Andriy; Tietz, Alisa

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(85)90005-5

Cited by 101 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Most animals cannot biosynthesise these PUFAs de novo because they lack ∆12 and ∆15 desaturases. However, an increasing literature suggests that some aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates do possess ∆12 and ∆15 desaturases and are capable of synthesizing C18 PUFAs from 18:1n-9 (Rothstein & Gotz 1968, Lubzens et al 1985, Cripps et al 1986, Weinert et al 1993, Ito and Simpson 1996. It is possible, therefore, that vent animals biosynthesise 18:1n-9 and thence 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, but this is not readily consistent with their receiving a large input of 18:1n-7 from their bacterial endosymbionts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Origins of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica

Pond¹,

Allen²,

Bell³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for all marine animals that have previously been studied. Most marine animals obtain long-chain PUFAs from their diets (i.e. as products of photosynthetic processes) and few are known to be able to produce these compounds de novo. Deep-sea vent organisms live in an environment that is relatively isolated from photosynthetic sources of PUFAs, yet some species are known to contain substantial amounts of these compounds. To further understand the origins of PUFAs in deep-sea vent animals, we studied 2 annelid species; a vestimentiferan tubeworm (class Pogonophora) with endosymbiotic bacteria, and a tubicolous serpulid polychaete that feeds heterotrophically. The vestimentiferan tubeworms Ridgeia piscesae from the Juan de Fuca Ridge are rich in the monounsaturated fatty acids 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6, and the non-methyleneinterrupted PUFAs 20:2∆5, 13. They also contain small but significant amounts of the PUFAs 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3. δ 13 C values of ca -14 ‰ for 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 suggest that these fatty acids are synthesised by chemosynthetic processes at the vent site. A δ 13 C value of -22 ‰ for 20:5n-3 in R. piscesae makes it impossible to conclusively attribute the origin of this fatty acid to either the photic zone or hydrothermal vents. The lipids of the serpulid polychaete Protis hydrothermica from the East Pacific Rise are also rich in 16:1n-7 and contain the unusual PUFAs 18:3n-7. They also contain significant amounts of 20:1n-13 and the PUFAs 20:3n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Other than 22:6n-3, which had a δ 13 C of -22 ‰, the fatty acids in P. hydrothermica had δ 13 C values ranging from -33 ‰ to -41 ‰. This is consistent with the fatty acids of P. hydrothermica, other than 22:6n-3 but including 20:5n-3, originating from a chemoautotrophic carbon source in the hydrothermal vent. It cannot be excluded that the 22:6n-3 in P. hydrothermica originates in the photic zone. Potential origins of the long-chain PUFAs in hydrothermal vent animals, whether produced by photo-or chemotrophic processes or by pro-or eukaryotic organisms, are considered. KEY WORDS: Hydrothermal vent worms · Nutrition · PUFAs · Stable carbon isotopeResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Origins of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica

Pond¹,

Allen²,

Bell³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rotifers have limited capacity to synthesize n-3PUFA (Lubzens et al ., 1985) and, therefore, these must be provided to them . Mass culture of rotifers is usually carried out on baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid classes and fatty acid composition of rotifers have been widely studied (Scott & Middleton, 1979 ;Watanabe et al ., 1983 ;Lubzens et al ., 1985 ;FernandezReiriz et al ., 1993) . However, there are only few data on the fatty acid composition of individual classes of lipids (Frolov et al ., 1991) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid classes and fatty acid composition of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed two algal diets

Fernández‐Reiriz

Labarta

1996

Hydrobiologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis), maintained on baker's yeast, were fed for 24h upon two algal diets, Isochrysis galbana (diet A) and Isochrysis galbana + Nannochloropsis gaditana (diet B) . (These algal diets were selected for their potential use as essential fatty acid (EFA) boosters, taking into account the requirements of fish larvae) . The effect of these algal diets on total lipid content, lipid classes and fatty acid composition was studied . The total lipid content increased after feeding upon both diets but no significant differences were found between the two types . Neutral lipid and polar lipid contents increased and a positive correlation was observed between the neutral lipids content of rotifers and that of the food supplied . However, the content of polar lipids in rotifers did not depend upon that of the diet . The increase in neutral lipid content was found to be higher in rotifers fed upon diet B, compared to diet A which increased the phospholipid content . Non-enriched rotifers contained only small amounts of polyenoic fatty acids, i .e . 18 :3n-6, 18 :3n-3, 20 :4n-6, 20 :5n-3 and 22 :6n-3, the contents of which increased significantly by feeding both diets . The EFA composition (20 :4n-6, 20 :5n-3 and 22 :6n-3) of neutral lipids and phopholipids in rotifers reflected the EFA composition of each diet. Diet B-fed rotifers had the highest content in 20 :4n-6 and 20 :5n-3, whereas rotifers fed diet A and the highest 22 :6n-3 content. The mixed diet 1L galbana + N. gaditana enhanced substantially the composition of lipid classes i .e . neutral lipids and of n-3 PUFA of rotifers in comparison with Isochrysis or yeast diets .

show abstract

“…Ž Sukenik et al, 1993 and 22:6n-3 in Isochrysis galbana and Rhodomonas sp. Lubzens et al, 1985;Ben-Amotz et al, 1987;Whyte and Nagata, 1990;Sukenik and Wahnon, .. 1991;Mourente et al, 1993 , and their relatively easy mass culture make them very Ž attractive in commercial hatcheries. Rotifers incubated in these algae cultures at 6 y1 .…”

Section: Enrichment With Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of rotifer culture and manipulation techniques in Europe

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since no artificial feed formulation for first feeding of marine larval fish has been developed yet, live prey feeding remains essential in commercial marine hatchery operations. Because Ž . cultured rotifers are relatively poor in eicosapentaenoic acid EPA: 20:5n-3 and docosahexaenoic Ž . acid DHA: 22:6n-3 , it is essential and therefore common practice to enrich these live prey with emulsions of marine oils. The short-term exposure to oil emulsions results in lipid-encapsulated rotifers with high EPA and DHA levels. However, these rotifers are prone to fast losses of their gut content and show a distortion in their proteinrlipid balance. Rather than submerging rotifers in oil emulsions, it is often preferred to use formulated culture diets when medium to low enrichment values are needed in live prey. The use of these diets contributes not only to the filling of the gut of the rotifers with nutrients, it generally creates a more stable entire body composition which is important especially when rotifers are not consumed immediately by the larvae.New culture techniques for rotifers, such as closed recirculation systems, are offering new possibilities for continuous supplies of high quality rotifers at 10 times higher densities than in batch cultures. The production increase in these systems is explained by the better water quality obtained by the introduction of protein skimmers, ozone treatment, and biological filtration. Although disinfection of rotifers remains a bottleneck, it has been observed that rotifer populations cultured at high densities are not prone to higher bacterial infestation. Also, the problem of unexplained mortalities in batch cultures seems to be partly solved by the introduction of Ž . recirculation systems or by bacterial management introduction of probionts , which allow more reliable rotifer production. q

show abstract

De novo synthesis of fatty acids in the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis

Cited by 101 publications

References 12 publications

Origins of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica

Origins of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica

Lipid classes and fatty acid composition of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed two algal diets

Advancement of rotifer culture and manipulation techniques in Europe

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About