Decentralized Electric Vehicle Supply Stations (D-EVSSs): A Realistic Scenario for Smart Cities

Alghamdi, Turki G.; Said, Dhaou; Mouftah, Hussein T.

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2916917

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…EV charging price strategies are studied in [14]- [20]. Other areas have been studied, such as minimizing the waiting time for EV charging [21], [22], discharging processes [23]- [25], and reducing EV's charging cost [26]. Another perspective is that the EVSE owners must also benefit [26], [27].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profit Maximization for EVSEs-Based Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Cities With Different Arrival Rate Scenarios

2021

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This paper proposes a profit maximization model for a Decentralized Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (D-EVSE) equipped with a renewable energy sources system such as a solar energy system. We acknowledge a power connection to the central power grid when necessary. We allow EV to offer its surplus power as discharging power processes. We design a Decentralized Profit Maximization Algorithm (DPMA) to help D-EVSEs take profit from the electricity price variation during the day when selling or buying electricity respectively to EVs or from the grid or EVs as discharging processes. Finally, numerical simulations with MATLAB are conducted to prove the effectiveness of our proposed solution.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…‚ t EV i ch ptq: EV charging time ‚ R ch : charging rate The EV discharging time and the discharging power from EV are given by Eqs. 9 and 10 respectively [23], [49]:…”

Section: System Model and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profit Maximization for EVSEs-Based Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Cities With Different Arrival Rate Scenarios

2021

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“…The goal of this study was how to organize the EV demand for charging and discharging services as a way to lower the power stress level as well as to increase the EV owner's satisfaction. Similarly, decentralization of power generation and management in the electric vehicle supply station (D-EVSS) is proposed in [33]. The proposed model introduced two schemes to organize the interaction between EV and the D-EVSS as a public supply station.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Game-Theoretic Scheme for D-EVSE Based on Renewable Energy in Smart Cities: A Realistic Scenario

2020

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In this paper, we address a decentralized power production and management system based on Game Theory (GT) for Electric Vehicles' (EVs') interplay with a Decentralized Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (D-EVSE) located at the public supply station. Renewable energy production such as solar energy (PV) is considered as the main power source for our D-EVSE and we consider the connection to the grid when the solar renewable energy system is failing to respond to the demand. We propose a decentralized GT (D-GT) scheme aiming to optimize the EVs' interaction with the D-EVSE considering both EVs' satisfaction as well as the D-EVSEs' stability. Also, the D-GT model is used to choose the optimal available solution for EV charging or discharging services that fulfill predefined constraints. A realistic scenario is considered as a testbed for our D-GT optimization model. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model can manage and control the interaction between EVs and D-EVSEs efficiently. INDEX TERMS Electric vehicles, electric vehicles charging, electric vehicles discharging, decentralized-energy storage system, decentralized-electric vehicle supply equipment, decentralized game theory, renewable energy, smart cities.

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“…Overwhelming environmental concerns have triggered the dramatic shift towards the electrification of public transportation in smart cities [1]. Electric vehicles (EVs), as costefficient and eco-friendly substitutes for fossil fuel-operated vehicles, have received significant attention in recent years…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Greedy-Based Algorithm for Smart Energy Management in Plug-in Electric Vehicle Energy Distribution Systems

et al. 2020

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Variations in electricity tariffs arising due to stochastic demand loads on the power grids have stimulated research in finding optimal charging/discharging scheduling solutions for electric vehicles (EVs). Most of the current EV scheduling solutions are either centralized, which suffer from low reliability and high complexity, while existing decentralized solutions do not facilitate the efficient scheduling of on-move EVs in large-scale networks considering a smart energy distribution system. Motivated by smart cities applications, we consider in this paper the optimal scheduling of EVs in a geographically large-scale smart energy distribution system where EVs have the flexibility of charging/discharging at spatially-deployed smart charging stations (CSs) operated by individual aggregators. In such a scenario, we define the social welfare maximization problem as the total profit of both supply and demand sides in the form of a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model. Due to the intractability, we then propose an online decentralized algorithm with low complexity which utilizes effective heuristics to forward each EV to the most profitable CS in a smart manner. Results of simulations on the IEEE 37 bus distribution network verify that the proposed algorithm improves the social welfare by about 30% on average with respect to an alternative scheduling strategy under the equal participation of EVs in charging and discharging operations. Considering the best-case performance where only EV profit maximization is concerned, our solution also achieves upto 20% improvement in flatting the final electricity load. Furthermore, the results reveal the existence of an optimal number of CSs and an optimal vehicle-to-grid penetration threshold for which the overall profit can be maximized. Our findings serve as guidelines for V2G system designers in smart city scenarios to plan a cost-effective strategy for large-scale EVs distributed energy management.INDEX TERMS Electric vehicle-to-grid (V2G), distributed energy management, mixed integer non-linear programming, greedy-based algorithm, smart cities.

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Decentralized Electric Vehicle Supply Stations (D-EVSSs): A Realistic Scenario for Smart Cities

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Profit Maximization for EVSEs-Based Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Cities With Different Arrival Rate Scenarios

Profit Maximization for EVSEs-Based Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Cities With Different Arrival Rate Scenarios

Decentralized Game-Theoretic Scheme for D-EVSE Based on Renewable Energy in Smart Cities: A Realistic Scenario

Decentralized Greedy-Based Algorithm for Smart Energy Management in Plug-in Electric Vehicle Energy Distribution Systems

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