“…This negatively impacts QoS by increasing the response time, and leads to network congestion [34,141,142,190,195], especially when there are plenty of IoT services exchanging huge amounts of data continuously [24,25,187,190,196]. To avoid a single bottleneck, the distributed approach [133,139,140,141,142,143,144,146] removes the central composite and distributes the load of data over multiple composites (see Figure 10(b)). Although this improves load balancing, it introduces unnecessary network overhead as data passes through many mediators, even if data is unimportant for them, i.e., the more mediators, the more network overhead.…”