Decoding the Double/Multiple Hysteresis Loops in Antiferroelectric Materials

Abstract

Antiferroelectric materials has become one of the most promising candidates for pulsed power capacitors. The polarization versus electric-field hysteresis loop is the key electrical property for evaluating their energy-storage performance. Here, we applied in situ biasing transmission electron microscopy to decode two representative energy-storage behaviors-namely, multiple and double hysteresis loopsin (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O 3 system. Simultaneous structural examination and domain/ defects observation establish a direct relationship between phase transitions and hysteresis loops. Sustaining a smaller period of modulated structure to a certain applied electric field and then undergoing additional transitions among varying antiferroelectric phases with increasing modulation periods before the final antiferroelectric-ferroelectric transition leads to the favorable multiple-loop configuration that realizes a high energystorage performance. Such phenomenon is described by a model in terms of defectdriven phase transition. The distinctive mechanisms of multiple phase transition will inspire future composition-design for high switch-fielding antiferroelectric materials.

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous cerium–manganese composite oxide for NO oxidation

“…2c. The six catalysts all exhibit type II adsorption and desorption isotherms, and H3 hysteresis loops are formed when the relative pressure ( P / P 0 ) is 0.8–1.0, 46 which reveals that the six catalysts all form large pore structures, but the shape of the hysteresis loops is different, indicating that the pore structures of each catalyst are different, which is consistent with the SEM analysis results. It can be seen from the BET results that CeO 2 has a larger specific surface area than Mn 2 O 3 due to its structural stability.…”

Confined Assembly of Hydrated Vanadium Oxide into Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for Fast and Stable K+ Storage Capability

“…The existence of CO and CO proves that HMCS has strong interface interaction with O d ‐VOH. [ 30 ] The high‐resolution V 2p 3/2 spectrum (Figure 2f) is fitted into two peaks of 517.3 (V 5+ ) and 516.4 eV (V 4+ ) for the O d ‐VOH. The introduction of HMCS could induce a partial reduction of V 5+ to V 4+ .…”

Research Progress of Resonance Optical Fiber Sensors Modified by Low‐Dimensional Materials

“…Fullerene [ 85 ] is 0D carbon material. Carbon nanotube [ 86 ] and carbon nanorod [ 87 ] are 1D carbon materials. Graphene and its derivatives [ 88 ] are 2D carbon materials.…”