Defining Age-specific Relationships of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus Species in Hospitalized Children With Acute Wheeze

Oo, Stephen; Khoo, Siew-Kim; Cox, D.; Chidlow, Glenys; Franks, Kimberley; Prastanti, Franciska; Bochkov, Yury A.; Borland, Meredith L; Zhang, Guicheng; Gern, James E.; Smith, David W.; Bizzintino, Joelene; Laing, Ingrid A.; Souëf, Peter N. Le

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003194

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There are three species of RV (A, B and C) [8]. RV-C is frequently the most prevalent species in children presenting to hospital with acute asthma [2,9], especially in preschool children [10], although RV-A is the most prevalent species in milder viral wheezing in children [11,12]. RV-C has been associated with a higher severity of exacerbations compared to RV-A or RV-B [2,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Network Inference Unveils Heterogeneous Immune Response Patterns to Viral Infection in Children with Acute Wheezing

Coleman

Khoo

Franks

et al. 2021

JPM

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Human rhinovirus (RV)-induced exacerbations of asthma and wheeze are a major cause of emergency room presentations and hospital admissions among children. Previous studies have shown that immune response patterns during these exacerbations are heterogeneous and are characterized by the presence or absence of robust interferon responses. Molecular phenotypes of asthma are usually identified by cluster analysis of gene expression levels. This approach however is limited, since genes do not exist in isolation, but rather work together in networks. Here, we employed personal network inference to characterize exacerbation response patterns and unveil molecular phenotypes based on variations in network structure. We found that personal gene network patterns were dominated by two major network structures, consisting of interferon-response versus FCER1G-associated networks. Cluster analysis of these structures divided children into subgroups, differing in the prevalence of atopy but not RV species. These network structures were also observed in an independent cohort of children with virus-induced asthma exacerbations sampled over a time course, where we showed that the FCER1G-associated networks were mainly observed at late time points (days four–six) during the acute illness. The ratio of interferon- and FCER1G-associated gene network responses was able to predict recurrence, with low interferon being associated with increased risk of readmission. These findings demonstrate the applicability of personal network inference for biomarker discovery and therapeutic target identification in the context of acute asthma which focuses on variations in network structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Network Inference Unveils Heterogeneous Immune Response Patterns to Viral Infection in Children with Acute Wheezing

Coleman

Khoo

Franks

et al. 2021

JPM

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“…This suggests that rhinoviruses should be the first pathogens to be investigated in SARI patients tested negative for influenza infections in Burkina Faso. Children were particularly affected as describe elsewhere, and studies suggest that the infection rate was highest among infant age 6 months to 2 years [ 34 ]. As rhinoviruses frequently cause severe infections in young children, their management might be indicated in SARI children tested negative for influenza infection and where rhinovirus diagnostic is unavailable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Non‐influenza Respiratory Viruses Among Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Cases in Burkina Faso: A Surveillance Study

Lingani,

Cissé,

Ilboudo

et al. 2024

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundAlthough influenza viruses cause only one‐fifth of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Burkina Faso, the other viral causes of SARI remain poorly investigated to inform clinical and preventive decision making.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2019, we prospectively enrolled inpatients meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition of SARI in Burkina Faso. Results of viral etiologies among inpatients tested negative for influenza using the Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Kits (FTD‐33) were reported.ResultsOf 1541 specimens tested, at least one respiratory virus was detected in 76.1% of the 1231 specimens negative for influenza virus. Human rhinoviruses (hRVs) were the most detected pathogens (476; 38.7%), followed by human adenoviruses (hAdV) (17.1%, 210/1231), human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) (15.4%, 189/1231), enterovirus (EnV) (11.2%, 138/1231), human bocavirus (hBoV) (7.9%, 97/1231), parainfluenza 3 (hPIV3) (6.1%, 75/1231), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (6.0%,74/1321), parainfluenza 4 (hPIV4) (4.1%, 51/1231), human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV‐OC43) (3.4%, 42/1231), human coronavirus HKU1(hCoV‐HKU1) (2.7%, 33/1231), human coronavirus NL63 (hCoV‐NL63) (2.5%, 31/1231), parainfluenza 1 (hPIV1) (2.0%, 25/1231), parainfluenza 2 (hPIV2) (1.8%, 22/1231), human parechovirus (PeV) (1.1%, 14/1231), and human coronavirus 229E (hCoV‐229E) (0.9%, 11/1231). Among SARI cases, infants aged 1–4 years were mostly affected (50.7%; 622/1231), followed by those <1 year of age (35.7%; 438/1231). Most detected pathogens had year‐long circulation patterns, with seasonal peaks mainly observed during the cold and dry seasons.ConclusionSeveral non‐influenza viruses are cause of SARI in Burkina Faso. The integration of the most common pathogens into the routine influenza surveillance system might be beneficial.

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“…Moreover, the numbers of IFN-γ producing γδ T cells were lower in infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis compared to normal infants, which was accompanied by increased Th2 cytokine levels and recurrent wheezing in more than half the cohort [29]. Considering that RSV does not cause serious illness or exacerbation of asthma in healthy adults [7,30], we were interested to know whether competent IFN-γ signaling is responsible for protection against RSV and asthma comorbidity in adult mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RSV infection occurs at a high rate among children under the age of 5 and can lead to decreased effectiveness of asthma medications such as steroids [6][7][8]. Conversely, adults normally do not exhibit severe illness from an RSV infection and experience milder exacerbation in asthmatic disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IFN-γ Attenuates Eosinophilic Inflammation but Is Not Essential for Protection against RSV-Enhanced Asthmatic Comorbidity in Adult Mice

Muralidharan

Uddin

Bauer

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in early life has been associated with a deficient T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) response. Conversely, healthy adults generally do not exhibit severe illness from RSV infection. In the current study, we investigated whether Th1 cytokine IFN-γ is essential for protection against RSV and RSV-associated comorbidities in adult mice. We found that, distinct from influenza virus, prior RSV infection does not induce significant IFN-γ production and susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in adult wild-type (WT) mice. In ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice, RSV super-infection increases airway neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory lung damage but has no significant effect on OVA-induced eosinophilia. Compared with WT controls, RSV infection of asthmatic Ifng−/− mice results in increased airway eosinophil accumulation. However, a comparable increase in eosinophilia was detected in house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthmatic Ifng−/− mice in the absence of RSV infection. Furthermore, neither WT nor Ifng−/− mice exhibit apparent eosinophil infiltration during RSV infection alone. Together, these findings indicate that, despite its critical role in limiting eosinophilic inflammation during asthma, IFN-γ is not essential for protection against RSV-induced exacerbation of asthmatic inflammation in adult mice.

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Defining Age-specific Relationships of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus Species in Hospitalized Children With Acute Wheeze

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Personal Network Inference Unveils Heterogeneous Immune Response Patterns to Viral Infection in Children with Acute Wheezing

Personal Network Inference Unveils Heterogeneous Immune Response Patterns to Viral Infection in Children with Acute Wheezing

Patterns of Non‐influenza Respiratory Viruses Among Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Cases in Burkina Faso: A Surveillance Study

IFN-γ Attenuates Eosinophilic Inflammation but Is Not Essential for Protection against RSV-Enhanced Asthmatic Comorbidity in Adult Mice

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