“…However, the majority of these studies do not compare all three data models in all the database tasks (modeling, query writing, query comprehension) nor do they study the relationship of user performance over different database tasks, thereby limiting our understanding of how end‐user computing performance can be enhanced. This gap in knowledge is increasingly problematic in the present situation as more of today's sophisticated knowledge workers are increasingly participating in the design, development, and implementation of their own application programs using commercially available database systems (Blili, Raymond, & Rivard, 1996; Kappelman, Thompson, & McLean, 1993; Powell & Moore, 2002). For the computer information systems department to provide effective end‐user training and consultancy services, it is thus critical to develop a holistic understanding of the effectiveness of the three data models for different database tasks, and on how a task can affect another task.…”