Degradation of 14C-labeled few layer graphene via Fenton reaction: Reaction rates, characterization of reaction products, and potential ecological effects

Feng, Yiping; Lü, Kun; Mao, Liang; Guo, Xiangke; Gao, Shixiang; Petersen, Elijah J.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.016

Cited by 72 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…94 Some species on ENM surfaces may degrade in the environment, 238 while other adsorbates can be acquired. 239, 240 Carbonaceous ENMs may be transformed or degraded by environmental processes such as photo-, 241, 242 enzymatic, 243, 244 chemical, 245 and biodegradation. 246 Redox and other environmental conditions will affect nanomaterial surfaces, which for nano-Ag includes formation of sulfide that inhibits dissolution.…”

Section: What Is the State Of Knowledge Regarding Enm Environmental Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials

Holden

Gardea‐Torresdey

Klaessig

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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199

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Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly entering the environment with uncertain consequences including potential ecological effects. Various research communities view differently whether ecotoxicological testing of ENMs should be conducted using environmentally relevant concentrations—where observing outcomes is difficult—versus higher ENM doses, where responses are observable. What exposure conditions are typically used in assessing ENM hazards to populations? What conditions are used to test ecosystem-scale hazards? What is known regarding actual ENMs in the environment, via measurements or modeling simulations? How should exposure conditions, ENM transformation, dose, and body burden be used in interpreting biological and computational findings for assessing risks? These questions were addressed in the context of this critical review. As a result, three main recommendations emerged. First, researchers should improve ecotoxicology of ENMs by choosing test endpoints, duration, and study conditions—including ENM test concentrations—that align with realistic exposure scenarios. Second, testing should proceed via tiers with iterative feedback that informs experiments at other levels of biological organization. Finally, environmental realism in ENM hazard assessments should involve greater coordination among ENM quantitative analysts, exposure modelers, and ecotoxicologists, across government, industry, and academia.

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Section: What Is the State Of Knowledge Regarding Enm Environmental Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials

Holden

Gardea‐Torresdey

Klaessig

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

199

150

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“…To date, only a few studies have focused on the transformation of GO in conditions similar and/or relevant to the natural environment Feng et al, 2015;Hou et al, 2015Hou et al, , 2016. Some of these studies have shown that sunlight is able to induce some physicochemical changes to the nanomaterials when present in aqueous media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If GO is not fully removed during earlier stages of (waste)water treatment, it will reach the chlorine disinfection step where it will be exposed to both disinfection and, perhaps, sunlight irradiation (Gottschalk et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2012b). Chlorination can potentially change the morphology and the oxygen-containing functional groups of carbonaceous materials, including GO (Li et al, 2010;Liu and Zhang, 2014;Stratakis et al, 2014;Savva et al, 2014;Zhai et al, 2014;Du et al, 2016;Li et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochlorination-induced transformation of graphene oxide: Mechanism and environmental fate

Adeleye

Keller

et al. 2017

Water Research

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a b s t r a c tWith the increasing production and wide utilization of graphene oxide (GO), the nanomaterials are expected to be released into the environment, and end up in surface waters, and/or wastewater treatment plants. This study explored the changes in the physicochemical properties of GO resulting from photochlorinationd simulating the reactions that occur during water and wastewater treatment. Photochlorination resulted in significant changes in the surface oxygen-functionalities of the nanomaterials, and fragmenting of the graphenic carbon sheets was observed. We found that photochlorination can enhance the decomposition of GO through the formation of reduced GO. The changes in surface oxygenfunctionalities of GO were attributed to the oxidation by chlorine of the nanomaterials' quinone groups, and further oxidation by and/or radicals. The surface charge of GO, measured by its zeta potential, increased in magnitude with chlorination but decreased in magnitude with photochlorination, leading to the decrease in the colloidal stability of the photochlorinated nanomaterials. The antibacterial effect of the nanomaterials increased with both chlorination and photochlorination. This study clearly shows how the physicochemical properties, and environmental fate and effect of GO are modified by photochlorination.

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“…To date, the majority of studies have focused on the toxicity of graphene [5–9], with only a limited number of studies on bioaccumulation by ecological receptors [4, 10], a particularly important component of risk assessment. In two bioaccumulation studies conducted using Daphnia magna and few layer graphene (FLG), body burdens up to 1% were recently measured after exposure for 24 h to 250 μg FLG/L [4], while graphene uptake was substantially lower for FLG partly degraded by the Fenton reaction [11]. In addition, the biodistribution of graphene oxide injected into zebrafish embryos has recently been studied [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of few layer graphene to Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri modifies the graphene and changes its bioaccumulation by other organisms

Mao

Liu

Lü

et al. 2016

Carbon

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While graphene has substantial commercial promise, numerous aspects regarding its ecological effects such as its potential for bioaccumulation are not well known. 14C-labeled few layer graphene (FLG) was dispersed in artificial freshwater and uptake of FLG by Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, an oligochaete, was assessed. After exposure for 36 h to a 1 mg/L FLG suspension, the FLG body burden in the organism was nearly 60 ng/mg (on a dry mass basis). Multiple characterization results confirmed that the proteins secreted by the organisms during the exposure period coated the FLG, thus increasing its stability and decreasing its size in suspension. Uptake behaviors of Eisenia foetida exposed to FLG and protein-coated FLG at concentrations of approximately 1 mg/kg or to Daphnia magna at 100 μg/L were also quantified. Protein-coated FLG demonstrated different bioaccumulation behaviors for both organisms compared to uncoated FLG, with the FLG body burden in E. foetida increased but that in D. magna reduced. The data provide the first evidence that the proteins secreted by Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri after exposure to FLG can coat FLG, thus increasing the aqueous stability of FLG, decreasing its size, and changing its bioaccumulation potential.

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Degradation of 14C-labeled few layer graphene via Fenton reaction: Reaction rates, characterization of reaction products, and potential ecological effects

Cited by 72 publications

References 49 publications

Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials

Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials

Photochlorination-induced transformation of graphene oxide: Mechanism and environmental fate

Exposure of few layer graphene to Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri modifies the graphene and changes its bioaccumulation by other organisms

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