Degradation of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid by a Bacillus sp

Chen, Shaohua; Hu, Wei; Xiao, Ying; Deng, Yinyue; Jia, Jianwen; Hu, Meiying

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050456

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The study of an organism's metabolic pathways is crucial for analyzing the biodegradation potential of a microorganism. Intermediate metabolites are sometimes more toxic than the parent compound [52][53][54]. We confirmed that strain SG4 produced non-toxic intermediates while effectively degrading cypermethrin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Enhanced Cypermethrin Degradation Kinetics and Metabolic Pathway in Bacillus thuringiensis Strain SG4

et al. 2020

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Cypermethrin is popularly used as an insecticide in households and agricultural fields, resulting in serious environmental contamination. Rapid and effective techniques that minimize or remove insecticidal residues from the environment are urgently required. However, the currently available cypermethrin-degrading bacterial strains are suboptimal. We aimed to characterize the kinetics and metabolic pathway of highly efficient cypermethrin-degrading Bacillus thuringiensis strain SG4. Strain SG4 effectively degraded cypermethrin under different conditions. The maximum degradation was observed at 32 °C, pH 7.0, and a shaking speed of 110 rpm, and about 80% of the initial dose of cypermethrin (50 mg·L−1) was degraded in minimal salt medium within 15 days. SG4 cells immobilized with sodium alginate provided a higher degradation rate (85.0%) and lower half-life (t1/2) of 5.3 days compared to the 52.9 days of the control. Bioaugmentation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil slurry with strain SG4 significantly enhanced its biodegradation (83.3%). Analysis of the degradation products led to identification of nine metabolites of cypermethrin, which revealed that cypermethrin could be degraded first by cleavage of its ester bond, followed by degradation of the benzene ring, and subsequent metabolism. A new degradation pathway for cypermethrin was proposed based on analysis of the metabolites. We investigated the active role of B. thuringiensis strain SG4 in cypermethrin degradation under various conditions that could be applied in large-scale pollutant treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Enhanced Cypermethrin Degradation Kinetics and Metabolic Pathway in Bacillus thuringiensis Strain SG4

et al. 2020

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“…Degradation rates of β-CY and 3-PBA by ET1 were described using During β-CY and 3-PBA degradation, three compounds, namely, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, phenol, and catechol, were identified as metabolites based on results of GC-MS and LC-MS analyses, which were previously detected (Chen, Hu, et al, 2012c;Deng et al, 2015;Tallur et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2016). The results evidently showed that strain ET1 transforms β-CY through hydrolysis to yield α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, which was very unstable and spontaneously rearranged into 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde followed by dehydrogenation into 3-PBA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous degradation of β‐cypermethrin and 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid by Eurotiumcristatum ET1, a novel “golden flower fungus” strain isolated from Fu Brick Tea

Deng

Zhu

et al. 2018

MicrobiologyOpen

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Beta‐cypermethrin (β‐CY) and its major metabolite 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid (3‐PBA) spread extensively in the environment because of utilization in agricultural and home formulations, exerting negative impact on environment as well as human health. Several golden flower fungi were isolated from fu brick tea, by which the biodegradation of β‐CY and 3‐PBA was evaluated, turning out strain Eurotium cristatum ET1 had the highest capacity. Furthermore, β‐CY and 3‐PBA degradation rates were positively correlated with biomass of E . cristatum ET1, and the processes of degradation fitted well with a first‐order kinetic equation. The half‐lives of β‐CY and 3‐PBA ranged from 3.382 to 11.517 days and 1.749 to 3.194 days, respectively, under different substrate concentrations, incubation temperatures, and pH values. The degraded products were analyzed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and results showed that E . cristatum ET1 degrades β‐CY by transforming it into 3‐PBA, which is then gradually metabolized into phenol and catechol. Moreover, E . cristatum ET1 showed efficiency in degrading these metabolites. Our results suggest that this strain is a potential microorganism for bioremediation of pesticide‐contaminated environments and fermented foods.

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“…Heudorf et al [8] reported that 3-PBA residue in urine of children and adolescents in Germany was 0.30 μg/L. 3-PBA can also be toxic to humans through disruption of the normal secretion of reproductive hormones and breakage of sperm DNA, which lowers sperm count [9–11]. Therefore, it is critically necessary to degrade β-CY and 3-PBA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Metabolic Degradation of β-Cypermethrin and 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid by Co-Culture of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and Aspergillus oryzae M-4

Zhao

Chi

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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The degradation efficiency of organic contaminants and their associated metabolites by co-culture of microbes is mainly limited by toxic intermediates from co-metabolic degradation. In this study, we investigated the degradation of β-cypermethrin (β-CY) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) by co-culture of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and Aspergillus oryzae M-4, as well as the influences of β-CY and 3-PBA metabolites on their degradation and the growth of strains B-1 and M-4. Our results indicated that 100 mg/L β-CY was degraded by 78.85%, and 3-PBA concentration was 0.05 mg/L after 72 h. Compared with using only strain B-1, the half-life (t1/2) of β-CY by using the two strains together was shortened from 84.53 h to 38.54 h, and the yield coefficient of 3-PBA was decreased from 0.846 to 0.001. At 100 mg/L of 3-PBA and gallic acid, β-CY and 3-PBA degradation were only 17.68% and 40.45%, respectively. As the toxic intermediate derived from co-metabolic degradation of β-CY by strain B-1, 3-PBA was efficiently degraded by strain M-4, and gallic acid, as the toxic intermediate from co-metabolic degradation of 3-PBA by strain M-4, was efficiently degraded by strain B-1. These results provided a promising approach for efficient biodegradation of β-CY and 3-PBA.

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Degradation of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid by a Bacillus sp

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Enhanced Cypermethrin Degradation Kinetics and Metabolic Pathway in Bacillus thuringiensis Strain SG4

Enhanced Cypermethrin Degradation Kinetics and Metabolic Pathway in Bacillus thuringiensis Strain SG4

Simultaneous degradation of β‐cypermethrin and 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid by Eurotiumcristatum ET1, a novel “golden flower fungus” strain isolated from Fu Brick Tea

Co-Metabolic Degradation of β-Cypermethrin and 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid by Co-Culture of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and Aspergillus oryzae M-4

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