Degradation of chlorpyrifos and BPMC by the bacteria isolated from contaminated shallot farm soil

Abstract

Accumulation of insecticide residues is harmful to the environment and human living. The research was conducted to explore the chlorpyriphos and BPMC degrading bacteria from contaminated shallot farm soils and to formulate bacterial consortium to be applied as the insecticides bioremediation agent. Among nineteen bacterial isolates, K10 and K14 bacterial isolates could degrade up to 38.3% and 43.3% chlorpyrifos contained in its growth medium in 5 days, respectively. Two bacterial isolates namely B21 dan B17 could degrade BPMC up to 75.9% dan 77% in 5 days of incubation. Bacterial consortium of K10+K14, K10+B21, and B17+B21 isolates could enhance in-vitro degration of chlorpyrifos up to 89.6%, 88.9%, and 88.1% respectively, while its BPMC degradation enhanced up to 75.9%, 70.3%, dan 69.5% respectively. The highest in-vitro degradation was showed by K10+K14 bacterial consortium. It could degrade up to 79.9% for chlorpyrifos, and 71.9% for BPMC. Base on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the isolates have similarity 97.7% to A. baumannii, 96.3% to B. toyonensis, 94.4% to uncultured enterobacter sp. clone 150, and 78.08% to uncultured bacterium clonenck09g01c1 for K10, K14, B17, and B21 bacterial isolates, respectively.

Molecular characterization of chlorpyrifos degrading bacteria isolated from contaminated dairy farm soils in Nakuru County, Kenya

“…The prolonged exposure caused bacteria to develop ability to utilize the chemical as a source of carbon, as evidenced by the ability to grow in the media that contains CP as the only carbon source. Some previous studies have reported the degradation ability of Pseudomonas sp ., Bacillus sp ., and Alcaligenes faecalis against CP ( Farhan et al., 2012 ; Akhdiya et al., 2020 ; Ambreen and Yasmin, 2021 ), but there is no documented knowledge that links the other isolated species to biodegradation of organophosphates.…”

“…The findings show that all four isolates can use CP as the sole energy source, without requiring additional nutrients to induce expression of OP-degrading enzymes. The variations in the degradation performance of the isolated strains can be attributed to differences in microbial activity and degradation pathways ( Akhdiya et al., 2020 ; Ambreen and Yasmin, 2021 ). The current results are better compared to those reported in some earlier studies, especially concerning the time needed for maximum degradation.…”

“…Thus, metagenomics can be used to explore and exploit the enormous diversity of microorganisms in the soil. Successful detoxification of pesticides and other organic chemicals often requires bacteria consortia's concerted efforts ( Akhdiya et al., 2020 ; Ambreen and Yasmin, 2021 ).…”

“…Bioremediation is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and easy-to-use approach to eliminate CP from the soil and water ( Rayu et al., 2017 ). Previous studies have reported a few chlorpyrifos-degrading (CP-degrading) bacteria, including Pseudomonas sp ., Serratia , and Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Sphingobacterium, Gordonia, Paracoccus, and Mesorhizobium ( Barathidasan et al., 2014 ; Abdel-Wareth and Abd El-Hamid, 2016 ; Rayu et al., 2017 ; Kumar et al., 2018a , b ; Akhdiya et al., 2020 ). The main products of CP degradation are 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) diethyl thiophosphoric acid (DETP) ( Rayu et al., 2017 ).…”