Delayed Establishment of Gut Microbiota in Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section

Kim, Gyungcheon; Bae, Jaewoong; Kim, Mi Jin; Kwon, Hyeji; Park, Gwoncheol; Kim, Seok‐Jin; Choe, Yon Ho; Kim, Jisook; Park, Sook-Hyun; Choe, Byung-Ho; Shin, Hakdong; Kang, Ben

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.02099

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Second, the intestinal microbiome may depends on several factors, such as the delivery type, maternal age, antibiotics treatment in infants and external environments, but this differences were not reflected. 26 27 28 29 30 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of Probiotic Intake by the Mother on Human Breast Milk and Infant Fecal Microbiota

Shin

Park²,

2021

J Korean Med Sci

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Background Human breast milk (HBM) contains optimal nutrients for infant growth. Probiotics are used to prevent disease and, when taken by the mother, they may affect infant microbiome as well as HBM. However, few studies have specifically investigated the effect of probiotic intake by the mother on HBM and infant microbiota at genus/species level. Therefore, we present a comprehensive analysis of paired HBM and infant feces (IF) microbiome samples before and after probiotic intake by HBM-producing mothers. Methods Lactating mothers were administered with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (n = 9) or Saccharomyces boulardii capsules (n = 9), for 2 months; or no probiotic (n = 7). Paired HBM and IF samples were collected before and after treatment and analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Results Forty-three HBM and 49 IF samples were collected and sequenced. Overall, in 43 HBM samples, 1,190 microbial species belonging to 684 genera, 245 families, 117 orders, and 56 classes were detected. In 49 IF samples, 372 microbial species belonging to 195 genera, 79 families, 42 orders, and 18 classes were identified. Eight of 20 most abundant genera in both HBM and IF samples overlapped: Streptococcus (14.42%), Lactobacillus , Staphylococcus , and Veillonella , which were highly abundant in the HBM samples; and Bifidobacterium (27.397%), Bacteroides , and Faecalibacterium , which were highly abundant in the IF samples. Several major bacterial genera and species were detected in the HBM and IF samples after probiotic treatment, illustrating complex changes in the microbiomes upon treatment. Conclusion This is the first Korean microbiome study in which the effect of different probiotic intake by the mother on the microbiota in HBM and IF samples was investigated. This study provides a cornerstone to further the understanding of the effect of probiotics on the mother and infant microbiomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of a neonatal intestinal microbiome depends on several factors, such as the maternal age, gestational age, 26 type of delivery, 27 28 29 and exposure to the external environment. 30 However, the most important factor is lactation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of Probiotic Intake by the Mother on Human Breast Milk and Infant Fecal Microbiota

Shin

Park²,

2021

J Korean Med Sci

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“…(7th day) was significantly greater than CS infants, with a lower abundance of Enterobacteriaceae spp. [ 194 ]. This analysis showed that mode of delivery is the major determinant of neonatal gut microbiota; infants born by CS acquire a microbiota more similar to the skin (such as Propionibacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp.…”

Section: Impact Of Maternal–fetal Microbiota On Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Corynebacterium spp.). Furthermore, it was observed that the fecal microbiota of 72% of neonates born by VAG resembles that of their mothers; in neonates delivered by CS, this percentage is reduced to 41% [ 194 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Maternal–fetal Microbiota On Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota

Coscia

Bardanzellu

Caboni

et al. 2021

Life

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In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonization starts during fetal life, in opposition to the previous paradigm of the “sterile womb”. Placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and fetal tissues each have their own specific microbiota, influenced by maternal health and habits and having a decisive influence on pregnancy outcome and offspring outcome. The maternal microbiota, especially that colonizing the genital system, starts to influence the outcome of pregnancy already before conception, modulating fertility and the success rate of fertilization, even in the case of assisted reproduction techniques. During the perinatal period, neonatal microbiota seems influenced by delivery mode, drug administration and many other conditions. Special attention must be reserved for early neonatal nutrition, because breastfeeding allows the transmission of a specific and unique lactobiome able to modulate and positively affect the neonatal gut microbiota. Our narrative review aims to investigate the currently identified pre- and peri-natal factors influencing neonatal microbiota, before conception, during pregnancy, pre- and post-delivery, since the early microbiota influences the whole life of each subject.

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Regional differences in autism and intellectual disability risk associated with cesarean section delivery

Bilder,

Sullivan,

Hughes

et al. 2024

Autism Research

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Prior epidemiological studies investigating the association between delivery mode (i.e., vaginal birth and cesarean section [C‐section]) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) risk have reported mixed findings. This study examined ASD and ID risks associated with primary and repeat C‐section within diverse US regions. During even years 2000–2016, 8‐years‐olds were identified with ASD and/or ID and matched to birth records [ASD only (N = 8566, 83.6% male), ASD + ID (N = 3445, 79.5% male), ID only (N = 6158, 60.8% male)] using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network methodology. The comparison birth cohort (N = 1,456,914, 51.1% male) comprised all births recorded in the National Center for Health Statistics corresponding to birth years and counties in which surveillance occurred. C‐section rates in the birth cohort demonstrated significant regional variation with lowest rates in the West. Overall models demonstrate increased odds of disability associated with primary and repeat C‐section. Adjusted models, stratified by region, identified significant variability in disability likelihood associated with repeat C‐section: increased odds occurred for all case groups in the Southeast, for ASD only and ID only in the Mid‐Atlantic, and no case groups in the West. Regional variability in disability risk associated with repeat C‐section coincides with differences in birth cohorts' C‐section rates. This suggests increased likelihood of disability is not incurred by the procedure itself, but rather C‐section serves as a proxy for exposures with regional variability that influence fetal development and C‐section rates.

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Delayed Establishment of Gut Microbiota in Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section

Cited by 66 publications

References 53 publications

Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of Probiotic Intake by the Mother on Human Breast Milk and Infant Fecal Microbiota

Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of Probiotic Intake by the Mother on Human Breast Milk and Infant Fecal Microbiota

When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota

Regional differences in autism and intellectual disability risk associated with cesarean section delivery

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