Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel is one of the founding fathers of paleodemography in France. With Claude Masset, he developed new techniques for estimating the age at death of skeletons and promoted the implementation of estimators in paleodemography. Since the 1990s, he has participated in the emergence of spatial demography, dedicating himself in recent years to multi-agent modeling, particularly of Neolithic LBK farmers (Linearbandkeramik). Internationally known and recognized for his work on the Neolithic transition, he discovered the demographic signature of the Transition in the explosion of fertility during the transition from a gathering economy to an agricultural economy. He was also interested in the colonization of Central Europe by the first farmers with a modeling approach integrating several disciplines, such as the study of paleoenvironments, bioarchaeology, cultural archaeology, paleodemography, and economics. Several of his works also deal with the history of science and epistemology, the latest of which deals with the crisis and renewal of biological anthropology.