Densities of large living and dead trees in old-growth temperate and boreal forests

Nilsson, Sven G.; Niklasson, Mats; Hedin, Jonas; Aronsson, Gillis; Gutowski, Jerzy M.; Linder, Per; Ljungberg, Håkan; Mikusiński, Grzegorz; Ranius, Thomas

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00480-7

Cited by 235 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Large-diameter trees play a major role in shaping the structural and species diversity in forested ecosystems (Nilsson et al, 2002). In the southern Swedish landscape, large oaks (Quercus robur L.) provide habitat to a number of insect and rapid decline in the density of large (> 1 m in diameter) oaks has been documented (Eliasson, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan and mortality of old oaks — combining empirical and modelling approaches to support their management in Southern Sweden

Drobyshev¹,

Niklasson²,

Linderson

et al. 2008

Ann. For. Sci.

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To cite this version:Igor Drobyshev, Mats Niklasson, Hans Linderson, Kerstin Sonesson, Matts Karlsson, et al.. Lifespan and mortality of old oaks -combining empirical and modelling approaches to support their management in Southern Sweden. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences, 2008, 65 (4), pp.1. Ann. For. Sci. 65 (2008) Abstract -• Old oaks (Quercus robur L.) play an important role in the southern Scandinavian landscape by providing habitat for a wide range of species, a large proportion of them being currently on the National Redlists.• To provide support for the management of these trees, we review data on oak mortality and formulate a mortality-driven stochastic model analysing interactions between mortality rate, oak recruitment rate into 100-150 age class, and amount of oaks older than 200 years.• Empirical annual mortality rates varied between 0 and 13% with average 1.68%. Trees older 200 years had an average mortality rate of 1.1%. Oaks in the high density forests showed higher mortality (3.2%) as compared to the trees growing in the low density forests (1.2%). A 400-year long modelling exercises indicated that under current mortality rates (regular mortality being centred around 1% annually; and irregular mortality 7% with average return time of 13 years) the long-term maintenance of 20 trees older than 200 years per ha would require an input rate of 1 to 5 trees × year −1 × ha −1 into the 100-150 years old class.• The modelling highlighted the importance of initial oak abundance affecting amount of old trees at the end of shorter (100 years) simulation period.European hardwoods / conservation / dendrochronology / population dynamics / disturbance Résumé -Durée de vie et mortalité des vieux chênes : une approche empirique combinée à une modélisation pour un appui à leur gestion dans le sud de la Suède.• Les vieux chênes (Quercus robur L.) jouent un rôle important dans le paysage du sud de la Suède en procurant un habitat pour un large éventail d'espèces, une grande proportion d'entre elles étant actuellement dans les Listes rouges nationales.• Pour appuyer la gestion de ces arbres, nous avons examiné les données relatives à la mortalité des chênes et formulons un modèle stochastique de mortalité analysant les interactions entre taux de mortalité, taux de recrutement des chênes dans les classes 100-150 ans et total des chênes plus vieux que 200 ans.• Les taux empiriques de mortalité ont varié entre 0 et 13 % avec une moyenne de 1,68 %. Les arbres de plus de 200 ans présentaient un taux de mortalité de 1,1 %. Dans les plus fortes densités forestières les chênes montraient une mortalité plus élevée (3,2 %) comparativement aux arbres poussant dans des forêts de densité plus faible (1,2 %). Des exercices de modélisation sur 400 ans ont indiqué qu'en dessous d'un taux courant de mortalité (mortalité courante annelle centrée autour de 1 % et mortalité irrégulière de 7 % avec un temps de retour de 13 ans) la maintenance à long terme de 20 vieux arbres par hectare demanderait u...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan and mortality of old oaks — combining empirical and modelling approaches to support their management in Southern Sweden

Drobyshev¹,

Niklasson²,

Linderson

et al. 2008

Ann. For. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There could be only 29 oak and 30 ash trees per hectare with the average crown size of these sites. This is a similar density to 30 living large trees (DBH > 70 cm) and 10-17 trees with DBH > 80 cm in beech-dominated forests (Nilsson et al 2002). Cotta (1865) suggested 18 standards with the crown projection of 203 m 2 as an appropriate number but he also mentioned that in coppice-with-standards there were four storeys of standards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Crown parameters, relationships between crowns and other mensurational data (Hasenauer 1997;Rouvinen, Kuuluvainen 1997;Nilsson et al 2002;Webster, Lorimer 2003;Longuetaud et al 2008) as well as the influence of competitors on crown irregularity have been investigated in many studies, but mainly in high forests (Osada et al 2004;Getzin, Wiegand 2007;Getzin et al 2008;Seidel et al 2011). It was also noted that tree and crown competition indices are different for modelling competition between individual trees, and for the competition pressure of the entire stand (Fabrika, Pretzsch 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowns of "forgotten" standards in hardwood floodplain forests

Šálek¹,

Machar²,

Sıvacıoğlu³

et al. 2017

J. For. Sci.

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AbstractŠálek L., Machar I., Sivacioğlu A., Zahradník D., Simon J., Jeřábková L. (2017): Crowns of "forgotten" standards in hardwood floodplain forests. J. For. Sci., 63: 538-548.Floodplain forests have traditionally been managed using the coppice-with-standards silvicultural system for centuries. After abandoning this silvicultural system approximately in the 1950s the crown of standards (mature-aged trees) developed gradually under the growing influence of their tree competitors. This study examines the crowns of remnant oak and ash standards in a hardwood floodplain forest along the Morava River in the Czech Republic. 100 oak (Quercus robur Linnaeus) standards and 100 ash (Fraxinus excelsior Linnaeus) standards were randomly selected and the basic mensuration data as well as some ecological data, such as number of large dead branches, cavities, and height of the lowest large dead and green branches, were measured. The four nearest neighbour competitors were identified for each standard, and their height, distance and azimuth were measured. The DBH of the analysed oak standards ranged between 71 and 148 cm, and the projected oak crown area ranged between 125 and 533 m 2 . The ash DBH ranged between 71 and 127 cm, and projected ash crowns between 194 and 620 m 2 . To assess competitive pressure, we calculated an index as a ratio of the tangents of angles of regular and compressed crowns. Distance of competing trees was more important than their height in the ash data set, but not in the oak data set.

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“…The level of CWD found in this study was 107 m 3 /ha, which is more than 10 times higher than that of managed forests and the ratio of CWD and living tree volume (39%) can serve as a preliminary reference for the near natural management of submontane broad-leaved forests. On many sites, 30-50 m 3 snags and about 100 m 3 logs were probably commonly occurring amounts before European forests were subjected to human exploitation (Nilsson et al 2002). In this context Harmon (2002) proposed the new paradigm "morticulture" along with silviculture for an active culturing of CWD.…”

Section: Quality Of Deadwoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of coarse woody debris in Lange-Leitn Natural Forest Reserve, Austria

Rahman¹,

Frank²,

Ruprecht³

et al. 2008

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The amount, variability and quality of coarse woody debris (CWD) in an oak-dominated natural forest reserve in Austria were studied in 2006. The average volume of CWD (snags and logs) was 107.3 m 3 /ha, which accounted for 39% of the total living volume. Among the CWD, on average, 23.4 m 3 /ha (22%) were snags and 83.9 m 3 /ha (78%) were logs. According to quality aspects the CWD displayed a wide range of variation in tree species, tree size, stage of decay, and structural characteristics, creating a high diversity of CWD habitats for microorganisms. Among the three forest associations, the highest amount of CWD was found in the mesic Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum association. The results of this study are discussed as reference values for a close-to-nature management of oak-dominated broadleaved submontane forests emphasizing conservation management.

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Densities of large living and dead trees in old-growth temperate and boreal forests

Cited by 235 publications

References 54 publications

Lifespan and mortality of old oaks — combining empirical and modelling approaches to support their management in Southern Sweden

Lifespan and mortality of old oaks — combining empirical and modelling approaches to support their management in Southern Sweden

Crowns of "forgotten" standards in hardwood floodplain forests

Structure of coarse woody debris in Lange-Leitn Natural Forest Reserve, Austria

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