Dental Implant Systems

Abstract

Among various dental materials and their successful applications, a dental implant is a good example of the integrated system of science and technology involved in multiple disciplines including surface chemistry and physics, biomechanics, from macro-scale to nano-scale manufacturing technologies and surface engineering. As many other dental materials and devices, there are crucial requirements taken upon on dental implants systems, since surface of dental implants is directly in contact with vital hard/soft tissue and is subjected to chemical as well as mechanical bio-environments. Such requirements should, at least, include biological compatibility, mechanical compatibility, and morphological compatibility to surrounding vital tissues. In this review, based on carefully selected about 500 published articles, these requirements plus MRI compatibility are firstly reviewed, followed by surface texturing methods in details. Normally dental implants are placed to lost tooth/teeth location(s) in adult patients whose skeleton and bony growth have already completed. However, there are some controversial issues for placing dental implants in growing patients. This point has been, in most of dental articles, overlooked. This review, therefore, throws a deliberate sight on this point. Concluding this review, we are proposing a novel implant system that integrates materials science and up-dated surface technology to improve dental implant systems exhibiting bio- and mechano-functionalities.

Surface characteristics of and in vitro behavior of osteoblast-like cells on titanium with nanotopography prepared by high-energy shot peening

“…25,26 The cellular behavior is also influenced by surfaces with nanotopography. Recent studies 3,27,28 have shown that surfaces with micro-and nanoscale topography are more conducive to the proliferation of bone cells and to the formation of bone of good quality and at good quantity. The complex interactions in the cell-matrix substrate and in cell signaling events have been confirmed at the nanoscale.…”

Factors Affecting the Success of Dental Implants

“…19. Anodized dental implant surface, showing volcano shaped saliencies As Oshida et al (Oshida et al, 2010) oxides formed on Ti materials are varied with a general form; TiOX (1 < x < 2). Depending on x values, there are five different crystalline oxides; i.e., (1) cubic TiO (ao = 4.24 Å), (2) hexagonal Ti2O3 (ao = 5.37 Å, = 56°48'), (3) tetragonal TiO2 (anatase) (ao = 3.78Å, co = 9.50 Å), (4) tetragonal TiO2 (rutile) (ao = 4.58 Å, co = 2.98 Å), and (5) orthorhombic TiO2 (brookite) (ao = 9.17 Å, bo = 5.43 Å, co = 5.13 Å).…”

Nanocrystalline Thin Ceramic Films Synthesised by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering on Metal Substrates for Medical Applications

“…Functionality and durability depend on the bulk properties of the material, whereas biological response is governed by the surface chemistry, surface topography, surface roughness, surface charge, surface energy, and wettability (Oshida et al, 2010). The implants biocompatibility has been shown to depend on relationship with biomaterials, tissue, and host factors, being associated with both surface and bulk properties.…”

“…Titanium materials (commercially pure titanium ASTM Grades 1 through 4 or Ti-based alloys) are considered to be the most biologically compatible materials to vital tissue (Oshida et al, 2010). Their more recent applications are in maxillofacial, oral and cardiovascular-surgery, as well as in orthopaedics indicating a superiority of titanium materials compared to stainless steel, Co-Cr-Mo alloys (Kasemo, 1983).…”