Dental Resin-Zirconia Bonding Promotion Using High-Silica PVD Coating with High Ionization Sputtering Processing

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of high-silica coating deposited by high-silica physical vapor deposition (PVD) as a chemical bonding method on resin-zirconia bond strength under different aging conditions. Methods: Twelve Y-TZP blocks were used as the substrates. Four resin cement stubs were bonded on each Y-TZP block, with a total number of 48 resin cement stubs. Two test groups (n = 24) were evaluated: conventional Tribochemical silica-coating (TSC) and high-silica PVD with high ionization sputtering processing. Experimental silane primer (MPS) was brushed over the surface treated Y-TZP blocks, then a polyethylene mold was placed over the coated Y-TZP blocks and filled with the adhesive resin cement, then light-cured for 40 s. The shear bond strength (SBS) was then evaluated in dry condition and after thermo-cycling for 6000 cycles. Surface roughness, mode of failure, surface topography and elemental analysis were also evaluated. Results: In dry condition, PVD-coated zirconia specimens showed significantly higher mean SBS values (11.7 ± 1.3 MPa) compared to TSC (10.2 ± 1.1 MPa) (p = 0.027). The SBS values of TSC and PVD-coated samples after thermo-cycling were higher than in dry condition, but with no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05). Tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation was detected in TSC, but not in PVD-coated zirconia. Significant decrease in surface roughness of PVD samples compared to TSC samples (p < 0.001). The silica content in PVD coating was 51% as detected by EDX. Conclusions: High-silica PVD coating on zirconia can give a reliable resin-zirconia chemical bond without any phase transformation and surface destruction by conventional grit-blasting.

Zirconia bond strength durability following artificial aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies

“…The combinations of MDP cement with MDP primer and Non-MDP cement with MDP primer showed negative mean pooled difference. In cases where treatments other than SA or TSC were used (no SA + OST) in the shear test group, 3 studies using a non-MDP cement + non-MDP primer [128] , [131] or non-MDP cement + no primer [130] presented a non-significant increase in the bond strength after aging ( Fig. 2 D).…”

“…In cases where TSC was applied only (TSC+NOST), 11 out of 23 studies in the shear test group showed no significant difference of the bond strength after aging ( Fig. 3 A, Table 2 ), while 2 studies [94] , [131] showed slight increase in bond strength. Mean pooled difference showed significant decrease in most of the cement/primer combination groups irrespectively of the aging process.…”

“…When non-MDP cement and non-MDP primer was used and no SA was applied in the shear group (No SA+NOST/ No SA+OST), the decrease of bond strength was< 63.3% in most of the studies, while 3 studies showed increase in bond strength [123] , [128] , [131] ( Table 2 ). Similarly, in the tensile test group, the same group presented the lowest percentage of change.…”

Effect of cementation techniques on fracture load of monolithic zirconia crowns

“…It is uncertain which cement is optimal as there are some contradictory results on the effect of types of cement on fracture load in previous studies [ 11–13 ]. Furthermore, there is limited evidence regarding the best method of pre-treating the zirconia surfaces for optimal bonding [ 12 , 14 , 15 ]. Some studies have shown that enhanced adhesion can be achieved through mechanical and chemical surface treatments such as airborne particle abrasion (air-abrasion), tribochemical silica coating, or the use of phosphate groups in the bonding or cement [ 12 , 14–17 ].…”

Shear Bond Strength of Ceramic Veneers to Zirconia–Calcium Silicate Cores

“…When the content of CaSi in the ZrO 2 matrix was 20 wt %, the chemical bond originating from ion diffusion after firing may have been the reason for the high interfacial strength [31]. Due to the formation of -Si-O-Si-bonds [32], silica has been proven to be a very important factor in enhancing bond strength [8,21]. Liu et al infiltrated glass into ZrO 2 and improved the bond strength of the ceramic veneer-core by ion diffusion-induced chemical bonding [33].…”