Deoxygenation of Stearic Acid over Cobalt-Based NaX Zeolite Catalysts

Abstract

For the production of sustainable biofuels from lipid biomass it is essential to develop non-noble metal catalysts with high conversion and selectivity under inert gas atmospheres. Herein, we report a novel cobalt-based catalyst supported on zeolite NaX via ion-exchange synthesis. The resultant bifunctional cobalt-based NaX zeolite catalyst displayed high conversion of stearic acid to liquid fuels. In addition, the effect of reaction temperature and catalyst loading was studied to evaluate the order of reaction and activation energy. Decarboxylation and decarbonylation were the dominant deoxygenation pathways. Stearic acid was successfully deoxygenated in N2 atmospheres using Co/NaX catalysts with a conversion as high as 83.7% and a yield to heptadecane up to ~28%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that higher reaction temperatures resulted in competing pathways of decarboxylation and decarbonylation. Finally, the fresh and recycled catalysts were characterized showing modest recyclability with a ~12.5% loss in catalytic activity.

In Situ Time-Dependent Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy of a Powdered Specimen in a Controlled Atmosphere: Monitoring Sorption and Desorption of Water Vapor

“…1 has a strong peak at 985 cm À1 with a shoulder at 890 cm À1 . This is consistent with report of Crawford et al 33 on ATR FT-IR spectra of zeolite NaX and color-indicating Zeolite NaX prepared by ion exchange with Co(II) nitrate. The peak at 985 cm À1 is due to the antisymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-O(Si) bridges in silicates.…”

Biofuels Production from Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil Using Modified HY Zeolite Catalysts over A Continuous Fixed Bed Catalytic Reactor

“…It has been reported that Ni-based catalysts promote the heavy hydrocarbon fractions cracking to lighter hydrocarbon fractions (Musa et al 2018). On the other hand, it has also been reported that the Co-based catalysts can enhance the C(sp 2 )-O cleavage through direct deoxygenation pathway (Bui et al 2011;Crawford et al 2019). Therefore, it is suggested that the high activity of Ni-Co/HY catalyst in both cracking and deoxygenation reactions is due to the presence of Ni and Co metals.…”

Lewis acid Ni/Al-MCM-41 catalysts for H2-free deoxygenation of Reutealis trisperma oil to biofuels

“…The continuous weight loss up to 600 C was due to the oxidation of carbonaceous coke on the spent catalysts to CO 2 . 54 The feature was accompanied with the DTA proles indicating the endothermic process of carbon oxidation. For 10%Ni/Al-MCM-41 catalyst, two DTA peaks were coke such as polyaromatic carbon that required oxidation at high temperatures.…”